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大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964.上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964.大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964.##
The heart of the ancient town │ next to prestigious schools
古镇芯│名校旁
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The construction area is approximately 94 to 130 square meters, with 3 to 4 bedrooms
建面约94-130㎡3-4房
5% off +15% cashback + up to 300,000 cashback!
95折＋15%返现+最高30万返现！
The discounted total price is approximately 1.89 to 3.05 million
折后总价约189-305万
Make an appointment to view the property and enjoy exclusive discounts
预约看房享独家优惠
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
The Nanfeng Line, an inter-city line, is here, and there's also the Puwei Road that leads directly to Minhang!
市域线南枫线来了，更有浦卫公路直达闵行！
Not long ago, the "Multi-level Rail Transit Plan for the Yangtze River Delta Region" (Development and Reform Commission Infrastructure [2021] No. 811) was issued.
不久前，《长江三角洲地区多层次轨道交通规划》（发改基础[2021]811号）印发。
The total mileage of rail transit in the Yangtze River Delta will exceed 22,000 kilometers, with an additional mileage of over 8,000 kilometers.
长三角轨道交通总里程将达到2.2万公里以上，新增里程超过8000公里。
Among them, a regional railway line in Shanghai, the Nanfeng Line, caught the attention of Xiaopangjun
这其中，上海有一条市域铁路南枫线引起来了小胖君的注意：
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
The Nanfeng Line is planned to be approximately 93 kilometers long and serves as a major east-west artery in southern Shanghai. Once completed, it will connect the new area of the Lingang Free Trade Zone, Fengxian New Town, and Jinshan Fengjing, among other regions. It will pass through Zhuangxing Town where Damingcheng · Yingyu Jiangnan is located.
南枫线规划里程约93公里，是南上海东西向大动脉，届时将串连起临港自贸区新片区、奉贤新城以及金山枫泾等区域，它会经过大名城·映雨江南所在的庄行镇。
In a certain work report of Fengxian District at the beginning of the year, it was clearly stated that the construction of the Nanfeng Line would commence within five years!
年初奉贤区的某次工作报告中明确指出：实现南枫线5年内开工！
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
The image source is Shanghai Release. The route is subject to the actual landing
图片来源上海发布，线路以实际落地为准
In addition, Damingcheng · Yingyu Jiangnan, located in the outer ring road, is close to the Maqiao Artificial Intelligence Future Town and Zizhu High-tech Zone to the north, and borders Fengxian New Town to the east, receiving dual planning radiation.
另外，位于外郊环的大名城·映雨江南，向北靠近马桥人工智能未来小镇、紫竹高新区等，向东接壤奉贤新城，受到双重规划辐射。
The project is only about 9 kilometers away from the old Minhang in a straight line. You can drive directly to Minhang via Puwei Road and Minpu Third Bridge, and reach areas such as Maqiao Artificial Intelligence Future Town and Zizhu High-tech Zone.
项目与老闵行直线距离仅约9公里，自驾通过浦卫公路、闵浦三桥可以直达闵行，直抵马桥人工智能未来小镇、紫竹高新区等板块。
The project is only about 5 kilometers away from the core area of Fengxian New Town directly. By driving along Nanting Road, Nanfeng Road and other roads, it can achieve a truly seamless connection with many supporting facilities of the new town.
项目与奉贤新城核心区直接距离仅约5公里，自驾通过南亭公路、南奉公路等，与新城诸多配套实现真正的无缝对接。
The price in the old Minhang area has reached 59,000 yuan per square meter, and the price in Fengxian New Town is also over 40,000 yuan per square meter. The average price of Damingcheng · Yingyu Jiangnan is 29,866 yuan per square meter. The price difference is very obvious.
老闵行价格已达到5.9万/㎡，奉贤新城价格也在4万/㎡+，大名城·映雨江南均价29866元/㎡，价格差非常明显。
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
Location map, data source: Online Real estate
区位示意图，数据来源网上房地产
Recently, a batch of centralized land auctions in Shanghai came to an end. Not far from Damingcheng · Yingyu Jiangnan, there is a new residential plot with a plot ratio of 1.44, and the combined price of land and housing has reached 33,396 yuan per square meter!
近日，上海一批次集中土拍落幕，大名城·映雨江南不远处就有一副新宅地，容积率1.44，房地联动价达到了33396元/㎡！
The average price of Damingcheng · Yingyu Jiangnan is 29,866 yuan per square meter, with a plot ratio of 1.8. Some units are delivered fully furnished.
大名城·映雨江南均价29866元/㎡，容积率1.8，部分精装交付。
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
在容积率相差并不大的情况下，价格差了近4000元/㎡，肉眼可见的价值，这个含金量就非常高了，是刚需置业的优质之选！
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
On the thousand-year-old cultural heritage, the "Ying" series of Damingcheng redefines quality living!
千年文脉之上，大名城“映”系重新定义品质人居！
The 24-hectare cultural project, Lengjiang Rain Lane, led by Fengxian District in planning and construction, will become the face of the village in the future and has been basically completed.
由奉贤区牵头规划建设的24公顷文化名片冷江雨巷，未来将成为庄行的门面担当，目前已基本竣工。
Lengjiang Rain Lane takes the Nanqiaotang Historical and Cultural Style Area of Zhuangxing Ancient Town as its core, with the vision of "urban ancient town, pastoral idyll", and the carrier of "Jiangnan Courtyard, future space", to create the source of new Jiangnan urban space.
冷江雨巷以庄行古镇南桥塘历史文化风貌区为核心，以“都市古镇、田园牧歌”为愿景，以“江南院子、未来空间”为载体，打造新江南都会空间策源地。
Here, it is planned to incorporate the "Internet celebrity economy" into the Jiangnan Courtyard, creating a digital industrial park integrating headquarters economy and leisure facilities. The ancient town granary will be transformed into a cultural and commercial complex and a vibrant Jiangnan-style street.
这里计划在江南院子植入网红经济，打造集总部经济、休闲配套与一体的数字产业园区，古镇粮仓将改造文化商业综合体、江南特色活力街区。
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
Yingyu Jiangnan stands on the thousand-year-old cultural heritage, complementing the Cold River and Rainy Lane.
映雨江南站在千年文脉之上，与冷江雨巷相互辉映。
The developer of Damingcheng · Yingyu Jiangnan is Damingcheng, a real estate developer listed on both the A and B stock markets. It is an expert in creating luxury homes at the same level as Greentown and R&F, and has long been referred to in the industry as "Little Greentown, Little Star River Bay".
大名城·映雨江南开发商是大名城，是AB双股上市的房地产开发商，这是一个和绿城、仁恒同级别的豪宅缔造专家，一直被业内被称为“小绿城、小星河湾”。
The brand-new "Ying" product line of Damingcheng adheres to the high-end standards of the "Zijin" series and, in line with the demands of improvement-oriented customers, upgrades its products in all dimensions including architectural aesthetics, space creation, community facilities, and service operation.
大名城全新的“映”系产品线，一脉相承“紫金系”高端标准，结合改善型客户的需求，从建筑美学、空间营造、社区配套、服务运营等全维度升级产品。
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
Real photos of Shanghai Zijin No. 9
上海紫金九号实景图
The total area of Damingcheng · Yingyu Jiangnan is approximately 144,000 square meters, with a saleable area of about 91,000 square meters. It is planned to build 15 small high-rise buildings of 14 and 16 floors.
大名城·映雨江南总面积约14.4万方，可售面积约9.1万方，规划建设15栋14层和16层小高层。
The project as a whole adopts a modern and elegant architectural style, with the exterior facade often combining the use of coatings and local stone materials.
项目整体是现代典雅建筑风格，外立面多结合采用涂料、局部石材等。
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
大名城·映雨江南效果图
社区楼栋距离可达58米，更大限度保证每处的通风和采光。
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
Renderings of Damingcheng · Yingyu Jiangnan
大名城·映雨江南效果图
The project attaches great importance to the sense of ceremony and order when returning home. Through three entrances: the ritual entrance, the central landscape, and the central garden, it showcases the spiritual outlook of the community and creates a grand and imposing homecoming experience for the homeowners!
项目重视归家的礼序感，通过三重入户：仪式入口、中心景观、中心花园，彰显了社区的精神风貌，为业主营造磅礴大气的宅间归家感受！
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
Renderings of Damingcheng · Yingyu Jiangnan
大名城·映雨江南效果图
The community takes "greenery, health and a happy life" as its core, integrating the concepts of a warm community and a forest-active community. It is planned with "two rings", "two hearts", "two axes" and "four living scenarios".
社区以“绿意、健康、乐活”为核心，融入温度社区、森活社区的理念，规划有“两环”、“两心”、“两轴”、“四大生活场景”。
The community connects the two core landscapes of the community with two vertical and horizontal landscape axes running through it, creating a low-density and comfortable residential area.
社区以两条贯穿社区的纵横景观轴串联起两个社区核心景观，打造低密舒适住区。
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
Renderings of Damingcheng · Yingyu Jiangnan
大名城·映雨江南效果图
The four major living scenarios include the community living room, children's activity area, senior citizens' world and youth sports space.
四大生活场景包括社区会客厅、儿童活动场、长者天地、青年运动空间。
Let both adults and children have their own dedicated leisure and entertainment areas.
让大朋友、小朋友都有专属的休闲、娱乐区。
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
Renderings of Damingcheng · Yingyu Jiangnan
大名城·映雨江南效果图
The property management is operated by Shanghai Jiaqu Group, the own property management company of Damingcheng. Currently, it has covered 130 projects in 20 cities and is a five-star property service enterprise, which is trustworthy.
物业使用的是上海家趣集团，大名城自己的物业公司，目前已经覆盖20座城市130个项目，五星级物业服务企业，值得信赖。
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
约84-130㎡精装2-4房，即将开启认购！
大名城·映雨江南将，主力为建面约84-130㎡2-4房，均价29866元/㎡，一梯两户设计，层高3米。
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
Renderings of Damingcheng · Yingyu Jiangnan
大名城·映雨江南效果图
There are a total of 4 main unit types, including approximately 84 square meters of 2-bedroom, 2-living room and 1-bathroom units, approximately 99 square meters of 3-bedroom, 2-living room and 2-bathroom units, approximately 108 square meters of 3-bedroom, 2-living room and 2-bathroom units, and approximately 130 square meters of 4-bedroom, 2-living room and 2-bathroom units. The unit designs are excellent!
共有4个主力户型，包括建面约84㎡2房2厅1卫，约99㎡3房2厅2卫，约108㎡3房2厅2卫，约130㎡4房2厅2卫，户型设计的非常棒！
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
The unit has a construction area of approximately 84 square meters, featuring 2 bedrooms, 2 living rooms and 1 bathroom. It offers a spacious 2-bedroom layout with two south-facing rooms, two bedrooms with bay Windows and a separation of living and sleeping areas.
建面约84㎡2房2厅1卫，做到了双开间朝南+双卧室带飘窗+动静分离，非常宽敞的2房户型。
The living room and dining room are integrated. The living room is connected to a wide-view balcony to the south, providing excellent overall lighting and transparency.
客餐厅一体化，客厅南连宽景阳台，整体采光和通透性非常好。
This apartment type is very suitable for a couple or a family of three to live in. The interior space is spacious and bright.
该户型非常适合两人世界或三口之家居住，室内空间宽敞明亮。
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
With a construction area of approximately 99 square meters, it features 3 bedrooms, 2 living rooms and 2 bathrooms. The design includes three south-facing rooms, separation of living and sleeping areas, north-south ventilation, two south-facing bedrooms, a master bedroom suite design, and an open kitchen and bathroom. The interior is bright and airy.
建面约99㎡3房2厅2卫，做到了三开间朝南+动静分离+南北通透+双卧室朝南+主卧套房设计+明厨明卫，室内通透明亮。
The living room and dining room are integrated and the space is relatively independent. The living room is connected to a wide-view balcony to the south. With a ceiling height of 3 meters for both, the sense of scale and space is fully developed.
客餐厅一体化，且空间相对独立，客厅南连宽景阳台，加上层高均3米，尺度感和空间感铺展开来；
The master bedroom suite is designed with a bay window, a walk-in closet and a bathroom, creating a private space exclusively for the owner.
主卧套房设计，带飘窗+衣帽间+卫生间，专属于主人的私密空间；
This apartment type is very suitable for families of three or two children to live in, and the space is more than sufficient.
该户型非常适合或三口之家或二胎家庭居住，空间尺度绰绰有余。
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
The unit has a construction area of approximately 108 square meters, featuring 3 bedrooms, 2 living rooms and 2 bathrooms. It adopts a design with three south-facing bays, two balconies, a master bedroom suite and north-south ventilation. This layout has a very high usable area ratio.
建面约108㎡3房2厅2卫，做到了三开间朝南+双阳台设计+主卧套房设计+南北通透，该户型得房率非常高。
The integration of the living room and dining room, along with the no-aisle design, ensures zero distance between each functional area, significantly enhancing the space utilization rate.
客餐厅一体化，再加上无过道设计，到各个功能间都是零距离，大大提升了空间利用率；
The double balcony design ensures that the living room and the secondary bedroom are connected to a wide-view balcony to the south, providing excellent indoor lighting.
双阳台设计，客厅+次卧南连宽景阳台，室内的采光度非常优秀；
The master bedroom suite is designed with an independent bathroom and a bay window, providing a private space exclusively for the owner.
主卧套房设计，带独立卫生间和飘窗，专属于主人的私密空间；
The bedrooms on the east and west sides of this apartment type allow the three-generation family and the owners with different daily routines to live together without disturbing each other.
该户型东西侧的卧室，让三代同堂家庭、不同作息的主人们生活之间相互不打扰。
大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964大名城映雨江南官方电话：400-9939-964
The sales office phone number of Yingyu Jiangnan in Damingcheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai is: 400-9939-964.
上海奉贤大名城映雨江南售楼处电话：400-9939-964..
With a construction area of approximately 130 square meters, it features a 4-bedroom, 2-living room, and 2-bathroom layout. It offers four south-facing bays, north-south ventilation, a master bedroom suite design, double balconies, and a dry-wet separated bathroom. This "one-step" large 4-bedroom layout ensures an extraordinary spatial scale.
建面约130㎡4房2厅2卫，做到了四开间朝南+南北通透+主卧套房设计+双阳台设计+卫生间干湿分离，“一步到位”大4房，空间尺度非凡。
The living room and dining room are relatively independent. The living room and secondary bedroom are connected to a balcony about 6.7 meters wide to the south, and the dining room is connected to a large bay window to the north. With a ceiling height of 3 meters, the scale of the indoor space is instantly reflected.
客餐厅相对独立，客厅+次卧南连约6.7米宽景阳台，餐厅北连大飘窗，层高3米，室内空间尺度瞬间体现出来；
The master bedroom suite is designed with a bay window and a bathroom, providing a private space exclusively for the owner.
主卧套房设计，带飘窗+卫生间，专属于主人的私密空间；
The double bedroom is equipped with a bay window, making the interior bright and airy.
双次卧带飘窗，室内通透明亮；
This apartment layout can be said to be an improved one in one step. Families with three generations living together and two children can also enjoy a good living experience. If the budget allows, it is very worth buying!
这个户型可以说是一步到位的改善户型了，三代同堂+二胎家庭同样可以拥有不错的居住体验，如果预算够得着，非常值得购买！
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I. Concepts Related to Real Estate
一、房地产相关概念
(1) Definition of Real Estate: Real estate is also known as immovable property. It refers to land, buildings, and the parts that are firmly attached to the land and buildings and cannot be separated.
(一) 房地产概念:房地产又称不动产,是指土地、建筑物及固着在土地、建筑物上不可分离的部分.
Among these, the parts that cannot be separated, such as trees and plumbing equipment, are included.
其中不可分离的部分,如树木、水暖设备等.
Real estate has three forms of existence:
房地产有三种存在形式:
1. Pure land;
1、 单纯的土地;
2. Simple buildings;
2、 单纯的建筑物;
3. Properties combining land and buildings;
3、 土地与建筑物结合的房产;
(2) Classification of the real estate market: Based on the characteristics of the development, sales and consumption processes of real estate, the real estate market can be divided into:
(二) 房地产市场的分类:根据房地产开发,销售与消费过程特点,可以将房地产市场分为:
1. Primary market (land market)
1、 一级市场(土地市场);
2. Secondary market (market for newly built real estate)
2、 二级市场(房地产增量房市场);
3. The secondary market (the real estate resale market)
3、 三级市场(房地产存量房市场);
(III) Land and Land Ownership:
(三) 土地及土地所有权:
1. The concept of land: Generally refers to the ground, the space below the ground and within a certain range above the ground.
1、 土地的概念:一般是指地面、地面以下和地面以上一定范围的空间.
In real life, land is artificially divided and represents a specific area with a defined size.
现实生活中的土地是人为划分的,具有特定面积范围的地域.
2. Public ownership of land: According to the constitution, land ownership is divided into ownership by the entire people (state-owned land) and collective land ownership. Collective land can only be transferred after it is converted into state-owned land, and individuals and units only have the right to use the land.
2、 土地公有制:根据宪法规定,土地所有权分全民所有(国有土地)与集体土地所有权,集体转为国有才能转让,个人和单位只拥有土地的使用权;
3. During the validity period, the land use rights can be leased, transferred or mortgaged.
3、 土地使用权在期限内可以出租、转让、抵押.
(4) Methods for obtaining land use rights:
(四) 土地使用权获取方式:
1. Transfer of Land Use Rights:
1、 土地使用权出让:
It refers to the act where the state grants the right to use state-owned land to the land user for a certain period of time, and the land user pays the land use right transfer fee to the state.
指国家将国有土地使用权在一定年限内出让给土地使用者,由土地使用者向国家支付土地使用权出让金的行为;
The transfer of land use rights can be carried out through three methods: bidding, auction, and negotiation between the parties.
土地使用权出让采用招标、拍卖、双方协议三种方式;
For the six types of land (commercial, entertainment, tourism, finance, service industry, and commercial housing), the methods of bidding and auction are adopted;
六类用地(商业、娱乐、旅游、金融、服务业、商品房)采用招标、拍卖的方式;
for old city renovation, the method of negotiation between the parties is used.
旧城改造采用双方协议的方式；
The term of land use rights for state-owned land: 40 years for commercial, tourism and entertainment land;
国有土地使用权出让年限：商业、旅游、娱乐用地40年;
50 years for industrial land, science and education land, culture and sports land, health and sports land, comprehensive or other land;
工业用地、科教、文体、卫生、体育用地、综合或其他用地50年;
70 years for housing land;
住房用地70年;
The term of land use rights for real estate has a direct impact on its value.
房地产的使用权年限对价值有直接影响.
2. Allocation of Land Use Rights:
2、 土地使用权划拨:
It refers to the act where the people's government at or above the county level, in accordance with the law, approves the transfer of the land to the land user after the land user has paid the compensation and resettlement fees, or delivers the land use right to the land user free of charge for use.
指县级以上人民政府依法批准,在土地使用者缴纳补偿、安置等费用后将该幅土地交付其使用,或者将土地使用权无偿交付给土地使用者使用的行为;
If the land use right is obtained through allocation, except as otherwise stipulated by laws and administrative regulations, there is no limit on the duration of use.
以划拨方式取得土地使用权的,除法律、行政法规另有规定外,没有使用期限的限制;
The following land use rights for construction sites are, in fact, indispensable and can be legally approved for allocation by the governments at or above the county level: land for national institutions and military purposes;
下列建设用地的土地使用权,确属必须的,可由县级以上人民政府依法批准划拨: 国家机关用地和军事用地;
Urban infrastructure land and public welfare land;
城市基础设施用地和公益事业用地;
Land for key projects supported by the state, such as energy, transportation, and water conservancy;
国家重点扶持的能源、交通、水利等项目用地;
Other land as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations;
法律、行政法规规定的其他用地;
(5) Architectural Concept
(五) 建筑概念
1. Architecture: The general term for buildings and structures;
1、 建筑:建筑物和构筑物的总称;
2. Narrowly-defined buildings: Refers to various types of houses, structures such as trees, elevators, plumbing equipment, etc.
2、 狭义建筑物:指各类房屋,构筑物如树木、电梯、水暖设备等;
3. Standards for qualified buildings: Practical, economical, and aesthetically pleasing;
3、 合格建筑物的标准:适用、经济、美观;
Applicable features: Safe, waterproof, soundproof, heat insulation and cold insulation, light transmission, fully functional, reasonable space layout.
适用:安全、防水、隔声、保温隔热、采光、功能齐全、空间格局合理;
Economy: Reasonable purchase price, low maintenance costs, low energy consumption for heating and air conditioning.
经济:购置价格合理、维修保养、采暖、空调能耗不高;
Aesthetics: Architectural design, color appeal, harmony with the environment;
美观:建筑造型、色彩美感、与环境协调;
(6) Property Concept
(六) 物业概念
1. Property: In a broad sense, property refers to real estate. In a narrow sense, property includes various types of buildings and their attached equipment, facilities, and related sites.
1、 物业:广义的物业就是房地产,狭义的物业,包括各类房屋及其附属的设备、设施和相关场地;
Various types of buildings: They can be building complexes, such as residential communities, or a single residence;
各类房屋:可以是建筑群,如住宅小区,也可以是一幢住宅;
附属 equipment, facilities and related sites: Refers to various indoor and outdoor facilities, municipal public facilities, road traffic, etc. that are compatible with the aforementioned buildings
附属的设备、设施和相关场地:是指与上述建筑物相配套的室内外各类设施、市政公用设施、道路交通等;
II. House Construction Basics
二、房屋建筑常识
1. Floor Area Ratio:
1、 容积率:
The ratio of the total building area to the total land area is a technical and economic indicator that reflects the degree of land utilization, the intensity of use, and the economic efficiency.
总建筑面积与总用地面积的比值, 反映土地利用程度、使用强度及其经济性的技术经济指标;
Floor area ratio = Total building area ÷ Land area;
容积率=建筑总面积÷用地面积;
Generally speaking: Ordinary residences ≥ 1.0;
一般来讲:普通住宅≥1.0;
Non-ordinary residences < 1.0;
非普通住宅＜1.0;
2. Building Density:
2、 建筑密度:
The proportion of the total area of all building plots within the project site to the total site area.
项目用地范围内各种建筑用地面积总和占总用地面积的比例.
It can also be calculated as the total area of building footprints ÷ total site area, reflecting the vacant land ratio within the building area and the density of buildings.
也可以建筑物基底总面积÷总用地面积,反映建筑用地范围内的空地率和建筑物的密集程度;
3. Greening Rate:
3、 绿化率:
It refers to the ratio of the total area of green space within the project planning land to the total planned construction land area.
指项目规划用地范围内绿化用地总面积占规划建设用地面积的比例;
4. Green Space Ratio:
4、 绿地率:
It describes the ratio of the total area of all green spaces within the residential area to the area of the residential area itself.
描述的是居住区用地范围内各类绿地的总和与居住区用地的比率;
5. Floor Height:
5、 层高:
The height of a residence is measured in "floors", which refers to the distance between the floor surface or floor slab of the lower level and the upper floor level.
住宅高度以“层”为单位计算,是指下层地板面或楼板面到上层楼层面之间的距离.
6. Net height:
6、 净高:
It refers to the distance between the lower floor surface or the upper floor slab surface and the lower surface of the upper floor slab.
指下层地板面或楼板上表面到上层楼板下表面之间的距离.
Net height = Floor height - Floor thickness;
净高=层高-楼板厚度;
7. Depth:
7、 进深:
Refers to the length of a residence, which is the actual length between the front wall and the back wall of an independent house or a residential building. To ensure that residences have good natural lighting and ventilation conditions, currently in many urban residential buildings in China, the depth of the rooms is generally limited to around 5 meters and cannot be arbitrarily expanded.
指住宅的长度,指一间独立的房屋或一幢居住建筑从前墙皮到后墙皮之间的实际长度,为了保证住宅具有良好的自然采光和通风条件,目前我国大量城镇住宅房间的进深一般都限定在5米左右,不能任意扩大.
If the depth of a residence is too large, the interior space far from the doors and windows will have insufficient natural light.
住宅进深过大,就是住宅成为狭长型,距离门窗较远的室内空间自然光线不足,但进深大的住宅可以有效的节约用地;
However, residences with a large depth can effectively save land.
8. Width:
8、 开间:
Refers to the width of a residence, which is the actual distance between one wall surface and another within a single room of a house. The opening width in residential design has strict regulations;
指住宅的宽度,指一间房屋内一面墙皮之间到另一面墙皮之间的实际距离,住宅的开间在住宅设计上有严格的规定;
a smaller opening width can shorten the inter-floor span of the floor slab, enhancing the overall integrity, stability and seismic resistance of the residential structure.
较小的开间范围,可缩短楼板的层间跨度,增强住宅结构的整体性、稳定性和抗震性;
9. Building Area:
9、 建筑面积:
It refers to the horizontal area enclosed by the outer walls of a building.
指建筑物外墙外围所围成空间的水平面积.
It includes the usable living area of the house, the area occupied by walls and columns, the area of stairways and corridors, and other shared areas.
包含了房屋居住可用的实用面积、墙体柱体占地面积、楼梯走道面积、其它公摊面积等;
10. Common Area:
10、公摊面积:
It refers to the total area of the building's stairs, elevator shafts, exterior walls, public lobbies, corridors, equipment rooms, the first-floor lobby, and some other supporting facilities within the community.
指建筑物的楼梯、电梯井、外墙、公共门厅、走道、设备间、首层大堂及小区内其它一些配套设施的面积总和;
11. Usage Area:
11、使用面积:
It is the net usable area for residents' daily life after deducting the shared area and the area occupied by walls and columns from the total building area. It is commonly known as the floor area.
它是建筑面积扣除公摊面积、及墙体柱体所占用的面积后的直接供住户生活的净使用面积,俗称地砖面积;
12. Floor Area:
12、占地面积:
The area occupied by the building foundation and its functions is also known as the red line area.
建筑物基底及其功能需要占用的面积,也叫红线面积;
13. The net building area = Net usable area + Net wall area + Balcony area (Terrace area is calculated as half the area).
13、套内建筑面积=套内使用面积+套内墙体面积+阳台建筑面积(露台面积按半面积计算);
14. Building area = Net building area + Shared area;
14、建筑面积=套内建筑面积+公摊面积;
15. Sales area = Net building area + Shared public building area;
15、销售面积=套内建筑面积+公摊的公用建筑面积;
Commercial housing is sold by "unit" or "block".
商品房按“套”或“单元”出售;
16. Common area floor area = Total building area - Internal area of each unit - Unallocated area that should not be shared;
16、公用建筑面积=整幢建筑面积-套内建筑面积和-不应分摊的建筑面积;
17. The shared public building area = the net building area of the unit × the shared building area allocation coefficient;
17、公摊的公用建筑面积=套内建筑面积×公用建筑面积分摊系数;
18. Common area allocation coefficient: Common area area ÷ Sum of interior area of each unit;
18、公用建筑面积分摊系数:公用建筑面积÷套内建筑面积之和;
19. The shared common area floor space includes: lobby, public hall, corridors, passageways, communal toilets, elevator lobby, stairwells, elevator shafts, elevator machine rooms, garbage chutes, pipe shafts, fire control rooms, fire escape routes, pump rooms, water tank rooms, refrigeration machine rooms, power distribution rooms, gas pressure regulating rooms, air conditioning rooms, elevator maintenance rooms, duty guard rooms, satellite receiving rooms, etc.
19、分摊的公用建筑面积包括:大堂、公共大厅、走廊、过道、共厕、电梯前厅、楼梯间、电梯井、电梯机房、垃圾道、管道井、消防控制室、消防通道、水泵房、水箱间、冷冻机房、配电室、煤气调压室、空调房、电梯工休息室、值班警卫室、卫星接收机房等;
20. Unrecorded shared area: warehouses, garages, driveways, heating boiler rooms, civil defense basements, property management offices, self-operated and self-used houses of the selling unit, guard rooms serving multiple buildings.
20、不记入的公摊面积:仓库、车库、车道、供暖锅炉房、人防地下室、物管用房、售房单位自营、自用房屋、多幢房屋服务的警卫室;
21. Utilization rate = Gross floor area of the unit ÷ Total floor area of the residence;
21、实用率=套内建筑面积÷住宅建筑面积;
22. Utilization rate = usable area / residential area. Generally, for high-rise buildings, it ranges from 72% to 75%, while for apartment buildings, it is between 78% and 80%;
22、使用率=使用面积÷住宅面积,一般高层塔楼在72%至75%之间,板楼在78%至80%之间;
it is less than the utilization rate.
小于实用率;
23. Basement:
23、地下室:
It means that the height of the room floor below the outdoor ground level exceeds half of the room's net height.
指房间地面低于室外地平面的高度超过该房间净高的1／2;
24. Partial Basement:
24、半地下室:
It means that the height of the room floor below the outdoor ground level exceeds one third of the room's net height, but does not exceed one half.
指房间地面低于室外地平面的高度超过该房间净高的1／3,且不超过1／2;
25. Balcony:
25、阳台:
A space for residents to carry out outdoor activities / dry clothes, etc.
供居住者进行室外活动/晾晒衣物等的空间;
26. Platform:
26、平台:
The upper roof surface or the part extending outdoors from the ground floor of the residence, which is used for outdoor activities by the occupants;
供居住者进行室外活动的上屋面或由住宅底层地面伸出室外的部分;
27. Standard Floor:
27、标准层:
Refers to the residential floors with the same floor plan;
指平面布置相同的住宅楼层;
28. Middle Layer:
28、中间层:
The floor between the ground floor and the top residential entrance floor.
底层和最高住户入口层之间的中间楼层.
III. Real Estate Industry Terminology:
三、房地产行业术语:
(1) Indoor Facilities:
（一）室内设施:
Four types of energy: heating, gas, water heater, air conditioner.
1、 四气:暖气、煤气、热水器、空调;
2. Complete set: Household appliances (TV, refrigerator, washing machine) and furniture (bed, wardrobe, sofa, TV stand, full-size cabinet);
2、 全齐:家电(电视、冰箱、洗衣机)和家具(床、衣柜、沙发、电视柜、整体橱柜);
(2) Classification of Renovation:
(二)装修分类:
1. Mao Pi: Cement floor, cement wall;
1、 毛 坯:水泥地、水泥墙;
2. Interior decoration: Ceramic tiles, white walls;
2、 简 装 修:地砖、白墙;
3. Decoration: Ceramic tiles, wooden floors;
3、 中 装 修:大地砖、木地板;
4. Decoration: Wooden flooring, door and window casings;
4、 精 装 修:木地板、包门、包窗;
5. Luxurious decoration: The interior is modern and the materials are of high quality.
5、 豪华装修:装修前卫、用料讲究;
(3) Floor Plan and Area:
(三)户型及面积:
1. One-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 30 - 50 square meters;
1、 一居室:公房面积:30-50平米;
Commercial housing area: 40 - 60 square meters;
商品房面积:40-60平米;
2. Two-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 50 - 70 square meters;
2、 二居室:公房面积:50-70平米;
Commercial housing area: 70 - 100 square meters;
商品房面积:70-100平米;
3. Three-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 60 - 90 square meters;
3、 三居室:公房面积:60-90平米;
Commercial housing area: 110 - 150 square meters;
商品房面积:110-150平米;
4. Multi-level: A house design where the floor levels jump from one to another, such as 1st floor to 2nd floor, 3rd floor to 4th floor, etc.
4、 越层:房屋使用层跳跃的房型,如一越二,三越四等;
5. Staircase-type layout: A floor-plan design where the floors in the house are unevenly distributed.
5、 错层:房屋内地面错落的房型;
(4) Floor and Orientation:
(四) 楼层及朝向:
1. Floor description: The multi-story building has 6 floors, and the floor where the house is located is the 3rd floor, which is abbreviated as 3/6.
1、 楼层描述,多层楼房为6层,房屋所在层3层,简写3/6;
Pros and Cons:
优劣:
In buildings, there is a saying about the optimal floor numbers: "Gold for the third floor, silver for the fourth floor", meaning the third floor is the best and the fourth floor is the second best.
楼房中多层楼有“金三银四”的说法,即六层楼三层最佳,四层次之;
The prices of the higher floors in high-rise buildings are also higher, except for the top floors in second-hand houses.
高层楼中楼层较高的价位也较高,但二手房中顶楼除外;
2. Orientation (based on the direction corresponding to the main bedroom window): The orientation of multi-story buildings is mostly north-south or east-west.
2、 朝向(以主卧室窗户所对应的方向为准)多层楼朝向多为南北正向或东西侧向;
The orientation of high-rise buildings is similar to that of multi-story buildings.
高层板楼与多层楼的朝向相似;
The high-rise towers are mostly square-shaped, and their orientations are mostly southeast, southwest, northeast, northwest, and various oblique directions.
高层塔楼多为四角,其朝向多为东南、西南、东北、西北及各种斜向;
IV. Characteristics of Real Estate:
四、房地产特性:
(1) Immobility;
(一) 不可移动性;
(2) Uniqueness;
(二) 独一无二性;
(3) Longevity and durability;
(三) 寿命长久性;
(4) Limited Quantity;
(四) 数量有限性;
(5) Diversity of Uses;
(五) 用途多样性;
(6) Mutual Influence;
(六) 相互影响性;
(7) Subject to significant influence from policies and the market;
(七) 受政策\市场影响大;
(8) High value;
(八) 标的高;
(9) Slow cash flow;
(九) 变现慢;
(10) Preservation and Appreciation of Value;
(十)保值增值性;
V. House Classification and Detailed Explanation:
五、房屋分类及详解:
(1) Classified by the number of floors in the residence:
(一) 按住宅层数划分:
1. Lower floors: The number of floors is 1 to 3.
1、 低层:层数为1-3层;
2. Multi-layer: The number of layers is 4 to 6.
2、 多层:层数为4-6层;
3. Middle and Upper Floors: The building has 7 to 9 floors.
3、 中高层:层数为7-9层;
4. High-rise: Above 10 floors;
4、 高层:10层以上;
(2) Classified by usage nature:
(二) 按使用性质划分:
1. Productive buildings;
1、 生产性建筑;
factories, workshops, etc.
厂房、车间等；
2. Non-productive buildings
2、 非生产性建筑;
Residential buildings: such as houses, etc.
居住建筑:如住宅等;
Public buildings: such as offices, cultural and sports facilities, transportation facilities, etc.
公共建筑:如办公、文体、交通等;
(III) Classification by Structural Type:
(三) 按结构类型划分:
1. Brick-concrete structure: In this type of building, the vertical load-bearing components are made of brick walls or brick columns, while the horizontal load-bearing components are composed of reinforced concrete floor slabs and roof slabs.
1、 砖混结构:这类建筑物的竖向承重构件采用砖墙或砖柱，水平承重构件采用钢筋混凝土楼板、屋顶板。
This structure has small rooms and a low number of floors, and is generally used in multi-story buildings.
这种结构房间小、层数低，一般用于多层建筑中；
2. Frame Structure: This type of structure's load-bearing components are formed by beams, slabs and columns made of reinforced concrete or steel, and can be used for high-rise buildings.
2、 框架结构:这种结构的承重部分是由钢筋混凝土或钢材制作的梁、板、柱形成的骨架，可用于小高层建筑;
3. Reinforced concrete shear wall structure;
3、 钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构;
The vertical load-bearing components and horizontal load-bearing components of this type of building are all made of reinforced concrete, and it is commonly used in high-rise buildings.
这类建筑物的竖向承重构件和水平承重构件均采用钢筋混凝土制作，多用于高层建筑
4. Spatial structure: Includes: grid structure, truss structure, shell structure, etc.
4、 空间结构:包括:县索结构、网架结构、壳体结构等。
Examples include stadiums and grand theaters.
如体育馆、大剧院等；
(4) Classified by building materials:
(四) 按建筑材料划分:
1. Brick-concrete: Red bricks and cement;
1、 砖混:红砖与水泥;
The main load-bearing components are constructed using bricks and concrete.
承重的主要构件是用砖和混凝土建造的;
2. Steel and concrete: Cast, the most sturdy;
2、 钢混:浇注、最为结实;
The main load-bearing components are constructed with steel and reinforced concrete.
承重的主要构件是用钢、钢筋混凝土建造的;
3. Prefabricated slabs: Prefabricated concrete slabs and reinforcing bars;
3、 预制板:预制的混凝土板与钢筋;
The main load-bearing components are constructed with reinforced concrete.
承重的主要构件是用钢筋混凝土建造的.
This includes buildings with thin-shell structures, large formwork cast-in-place structures, and reinforced concrete structures constructed using sliding forms or lift-up slabs.
包括薄壳结构、大模板现浇结构及使用滑模、升板等建造的钢筋混凝土结构的建筑物;
(5) Classified by the appearance of the building type:
(五) 按楼型外观划分:
1. Office building:
1、 板楼:
It refers to a type of residential building composed of multiple residential units, each of which has stairs or both stairs and elevators;
是指由多个住宅单元组合而成,每单元均设有楼梯或楼梯、电梯皆有的住宅;
each unit has its own separate stairs and elevators.
每个单元用自己单独的楼梯、电梯;
The basic forms of high-rise buildings: Multi-storey: below 6 floors;
板楼基本形式:多 层:６层以下;
Mid-rise: within 7-12 floors;
小高层:7-12层以内;
High-rise: 13-18 floors;
高层:13-18层;
Super high-rise: above 18 floors and even higher.
超高层:18层以上甚至更高;
2. Tower:
2、 塔楼:
It mainly refers to high-rise residential buildings where multiple housing units are arranged around a common staircase or elevator.
主要是指以共用楼梯、电梯为核心布置多套住房的高层住宅.
In simple terms, the tower is centered around the elevator and staircase, and after reaching the floor, one can directly enter the apartment by walking in any direction.
通俗地说,塔楼以电梯、楼梯为布局核心,上到楼层之后,向四面走可以直接进入户内;
The basic forms of the towers: butterfly type, pyramid type, Z-shaped type, tower plate combination, cross type, square tower.
塔楼基本形式:蝶型、品字型、Z字型、塔板结合、十字型、方形塔楼;
Addendum: Apartment buildings: The bathrooms and kitchens are shared collectively.
补充：筒子楼:卫生间、厨房都集体公用；
Office building: for office use;
写字楼:办公使用;
(6) Classified by house layout:
(六) 按房屋户型划分:
1. One-bedroom apartment;
1、 一居室;
One-bedroom room
一卧室;
2. Two-bedroom apartment;
2、 二居室;
Two bedrooms
二卧室;
3. Three-bedroom apartment;
3、 三居室;
Three bedrooms
三卧室;
4. Multiple bedrooms;
4、 多居室;
Multiple rooms
多卧室;
5. Misalignment: This refers to a situation where a house is not on the same level, meaning that the living room, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, and balcony within the house are located on several different levels of elevation.
5、 错 层:主要指的是一套房子不处于同一平面，即房内的厅、卧、卫、厨、阳台处于几个高度不同的平面上。
6. Split-level: A split-level house consists of two floors, with an internal staircase connecting the upper and lower levels.
6、 跃 层:跃层住宅是一套住宅占两个楼层,有内部楼梯联系上下层;
Usually, the living room, kitchen, dining room, and bathroom are located on the first floor, and at least one bedroom is also provided.
一般在首层安排起居室、厨房、餐厅、卫生间,最好有一间卧室,二层安排卧室、书房和卫生间等。
On the second floor, there are bedrooms, study rooms, and bathrooms, etc.
7. Duplex: In terms of concept, a duplex residence is considered as one floor, but it has a higher floor height than a regular house. Partially, a mezzanine can be excavated to accommodate bedrooms or study areas, and these areas are connected by stairs.
7、 复 式:复式住宅在概念上是一层，但层高较普通的住宅高，可在局部掏出夹层，安排卧室或书房等内容，用楼梯联系上下。
The purpose is to increase the utilization rate of the residential space.
其目的是提高住宅空间利用率。
(7) Classified by property rights nature:
(七) 按产权性质划分:
1. Commercial housing: Refers to the houses constructed by various real estate development companies for profit purposes and operated in accordance with market rules.
1、 商品房：指各房地产开发公司投资兴建的，以赢利为目的，按市场规律经营的房子；
Classification:
分类：
(1) Ordinary residence:
(1) 普通住宅:
Floor area ratio of 1.0 (inclusive) or above;
容积率1.0(含1.0)以上;
The building area is less than 140 square meters.
建筑面积在140平方米以下;
The transaction price is less than 1.2 times the average transaction price of similar-level land-based housing.
成交价低于同级别土地住房平均交易价格1.2倍以下;
(2) Non-residential properties:
(2) 非普通住宅:
Building A;
甲宅;
24-hour elevators, security services, and the property management fee is relatively high.
24小时电梯、保安，物业费较高；
Apartment;
公寓;
Commercial housing, 24-hour elevators, security guards, 24-hour hot water supply from pipelines;
商品房、24小时电梯、保安、24小时管道热水；
Villa: (Single-family, row house, duplex, terraced house) Generally located in more remote areas.
别墅:(独栋、联排、双拼、叠拼)一般较为偏远;
(3) Sales qualifications for commercial housing: The sale of commercial housing requires the possession of the following five certificates: The "State-owned Land Use Certificate", "Construction Land Planning Permit", "Construction Engineering Planning Permit", "Construction Engineering Construction Permit", and "Commercial Housing Pre-sale Permit".
(3) 商品房销售资质:商品房销售须具备以下五证：《国有土地使用证》、《建设用地规划可证》、《建设工程规划许可证》、《建筑工程施工许可证》、《商品房预销售许可证》；
2. Purchased Public Housing:
2、 已购公房:
Ordinary Public Housing: Refers to the public housing originally owned by the unit but purchased by the unit's employees at cost price, standard price or discounted price in accordance with the relevant housing sale policies of the state.
普通公房: 指按照国家房改有关售房政策,单位职工按成本价、标准价或优惠价购买的原产权属于单位的公有住房.
These are the housing projects built by the unit and the housing constructed through collective fundraising and cooperative construction that were purchased by the employees at cost price or standard price in accordance with national policies.
职工根据国家政策,按成本价或标准价购买的由单位建设的安居工程和集资合作建设的住房;
State-owned housing: Refers to the public housing that was purchased by employees of units in accordance with the relevant housing reform policies of the state. These were originally owned by central government units in Beijing, large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, and the administrative organs of various ministries and commissions of the State Council.
央产房: 指按照国家房改有关售房政策,单位职工按成本价、标准价或优惠价购买的原产权属于中央在京单位,国有大中型企业及国务院各部委机关的公有住房.
Employees follow the national policies.
职工根据国家政策
I. Concepts Related to Real Estate
一、房地产相关概念
(1) Definition of Real Estate: Real estate is also known as immovable property. It refers to land, buildings, and the parts that are firmly attached to the land and buildings and cannot be separated.
(一) 房地产概念:房地产又称不动产,是指土地、建筑物及固着在土地、建筑物上不可分离的部分.
Among these, the parts that cannot be separated, such as trees and plumbing equipment, are included.
其中不可分离的部分,如树木、水暖设备等.
Real estate has three forms of existence:
房地产有三种存在形式:
1. Pure land;
1、 单纯的土地;
2. Simple buildings;
2、 单纯的建筑物;
3. Properties combining land and buildings;
3、 土地与建筑物结合的房产;
(2) Classification of the real estate market: Based on the characteristics of the development, sales and consumption processes of real estate, the real estate market can be divided into:
(二) 房地产市场的分类:根据房地产开发,销售与消费过程特点,可以将房地产市场分为:
1. Primary market (land market)
1、 一级市场(土地市场);
2. Secondary market (market for newly built real estate)
2、 二级市场(房地产增量房市场);
3. The secondary market (the real estate resale market)
3、 三级市场(房地产存量房市场);
(III) Land and Land Ownership:
(三) 土地及土地所有权:
1. The concept of land: Generally refers to the ground, the space below the ground and within a certain range above the ground.
1、 土地的概念:一般是指地面、地面以下和地面以上一定范围的空间.
In real life, land is artificially divided and represents a specific area with a defined size.
现实生活中的土地是人为划分的,具有特定面积范围的地域.
2. Public ownership of land: According to the constitution, land ownership is divided into ownership by the entire people (state-owned land) and collective land ownership. Collective land can only be transferred after it is converted into state-owned land, and individuals and units only have the right to use the land.
2、 土地公有制:根据宪法规定,土地所有权分全民所有(国有土地)与集体土地所有权,集体转为国有才能转让,个人和单位只拥有土地的使用权;
3. During the validity period, the land use rights can be leased, transferred or mortgaged.
3、 土地使用权在期限内可以出租、转让、抵押.
(4) Methods for obtaining land use rights:
(四) 土地使用权获取方式:
1. Transfer of Land Use Rights:
1、 土地使用权出让:
It refers to the act where the state grants the right to use state-owned land to the land user for a certain period of time, and the land user pays the land use right transfer fee to the state.
指国家将国有土地使用权在一定年限内出让给土地使用者,由土地使用者向国家支付土地使用权出让金的行为;
The transfer of land use rights can be carried out through three methods: bidding, auction, and negotiation between the parties.
土地使用权出让采用招标、拍卖、双方协议三种方式;
For the six types of land (commercial, entertainment, tourism, finance, service industry, and commercial housing), the methods of bidding and auction are adopted;
六类用地(商业、娱乐、旅游、金融、服务业、商品房)采用招标、拍卖的方式;
for old city renovation, the method of negotiation between the parties is used.
旧城改造采用双方协议的方式；
The term of land use rights for state-owned land: 40 years for commercial, tourism and entertainment land;
国有土地使用权出让年限：商业、旅游、娱乐用地40年;
50 years for industrial land, science and education land, culture and sports land, health and sports land, comprehensive or other land;
工业用地、科教、文体、卫生、体育用地、综合或其他用地50年;
70 years for housing land;
住房用地70年;
The term of land use rights for real estate has a direct impact on its value.
房地产的使用权年限对价值有直接影响.
2. Allocation of Land Use Rights:
2、 土地使用权划拨:
It refers to the act where the people's government at or above the county level, in accordance with the law, approves the transfer of the land to the land user after the land user has paid the compensation and resettlement fees, or delivers the land use right to the land user free of charge for use.
指县级以上人民政府依法批准,在土地使用者缴纳补偿、安置等费用后将该幅土地交付其使用,或者将土地使用权无偿交付给土地使用者使用的行为;
If the land use right is obtained through allocation, except as otherwise stipulated by laws and administrative regulations, there is no limit on the duration of use.
以划拨方式取得土地使用权的,除法律、行政法规另有规定外,没有使用期限的限制;
The following land use rights for construction sites are, in fact, indispensable and can be legally approved for allocation by the governments at or above the county level: land for national institutions and military purposes;
下列建设用地的土地使用权,确属必须的,可由县级以上人民政府依法批准划拨: 国家机关用地和军事用地;
Urban infrastructure land and public welfare land;
城市基础设施用地和公益事业用地;
Land for key projects supported by the state, such as energy, transportation, and water conservancy;
国家重点扶持的能源、交通、水利等项目用地;
Other land as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations;
法律、行政法规规定的其他用地;
(5) Architectural Concept
(五) 建筑概念
1. Architecture: The general term for buildings and structures;
1、 建筑:建筑物和构筑物的总称;
2. Narrowly-defined buildings: Refers to various types of houses, structures such as trees, elevators, plumbing equipment, etc.
2、 狭义建筑物:指各类房屋,构筑物如树木、电梯、水暖设备等;
3. Standards for qualified buildings: Practical, economical, and aesthetically pleasing;
3、 合格建筑物的标准:适用、经济、美观;
Applicable features: Safe, waterproof, soundproof, heat insulation and cold insulation, light transmission, fully functional, reasonable space layout.
适用:安全、防水、隔声、保温隔热、采光、功能齐全、空间格局合理;
Economy: Reasonable purchase price, low maintenance costs, low energy consumption for heating and air conditioning.
经济:购置价格合理、维修保养、采暖、空调能耗不高;
Aesthetics: Architectural design, color appeal, harmony with the environment;
美观:建筑造型、色彩美感、与环境协调;
(6) Property Concept
(六) 物业概念
1. Property: In a broad sense, property refers to real estate. In a narrow sense, property includes various types of buildings and their attached equipment, facilities, and related sites.
1、 物业:广义的物业就是房地产,狭义的物业,包括各类房屋及其附属的设备、设施和相关场地;
Various types of buildings: They can be building complexes, such as residential communities, or a single residence;
各类房屋:可以是建筑群,如住宅小区,也可以是一幢住宅;
附属 equipment, facilities and related sites: Refers to various indoor and outdoor facilities, municipal public facilities, road traffic, etc. that are compatible with the aforementioned buildings
附属的设备、设施和相关场地:是指与上述建筑物相配套的室内外各类设施、市政公用设施、道路交通等;
II. House Construction Basics
二、房屋建筑常识
1. Floor Area Ratio:
1、 容积率:
The ratio of the total building area to the total land area is a technical and economic indicator that reflects the degree of land utilization, the intensity of use, and the economic efficiency.
总建筑面积与总用地面积的比值, 反映土地利用程度、使用强度及其经济性的技术经济指标;
Floor area ratio = Total building area ÷ Land area;
容积率=建筑总面积÷用地面积;
Generally speaking: Ordinary residences ≥ 1.0;
一般来讲:普通住宅≥1.0;
Non-ordinary residences < 1.0;
非普通住宅＜1.0;
2. Building Density:
2、 建筑密度:
The proportion of the total area of all building plots within the project site to the total site area.
项目用地范围内各种建筑用地面积总和占总用地面积的比例.
It can also be calculated as the total area of building footprints ÷ total site area, reflecting the vacant land ratio within the building area and the density of buildings.
也可以建筑物基底总面积÷总用地面积,反映建筑用地范围内的空地率和建筑物的密集程度;
3. Greening Rate:
3、 绿化率:
It refers to the ratio of the total area of green space within the project planning land to the total planned construction land area.
指项目规划用地范围内绿化用地总面积占规划建设用地面积的比例;
4. Green Space Ratio:
4、 绿地率:
It describes the ratio of the total area of all green spaces within the residential area to the area of the residential area itself.
描述的是居住区用地范围内各类绿地的总和与居住区用地的比率;
5. Floor Height:
5、 层高:
The height of a residence is measured in "floors", which refers to the distance between the floor surface or floor slab of the lower level and the upper floor level.
住宅高度以“层”为单位计算,是指下层地板面或楼板面到上层楼层面之间的距离.
6. Net height:
6、 净高:
It refers to the distance between the lower floor surface or the upper floor slab surface and the lower surface of the upper floor slab.
指下层地板面或楼板上表面到上层楼板下表面之间的距离.
Net height = Floor height - Floor thickness;
净高=层高-楼板厚度;
7. Depth:
7、 进深:
Refers to the length of a residence, which is the actual length between the front wall and the back wall of an independent house or a residential building. To ensure that residences have good natural lighting and ventilation conditions, currently in many urban residential buildings in China, the depth of the rooms is generally limited to around 5 meters and cannot be arbitrarily expanded.
指住宅的长度,指一间独立的房屋或一幢居住建筑从前墙皮到后墙皮之间的实际长度,为了保证住宅具有良好的自然采光和通风条件,目前我国大量城镇住宅房间的进深一般都限定在5米左右,不能任意扩大.
If the depth of a residence is too large, the interior space far from the doors and windows will have insufficient natural light.
住宅进深过大,就是住宅成为狭长型,距离门窗较远的室内空间自然光线不足,但进深大的住宅可以有效的节约用地;
However, residences with a large depth can effectively save land.
8. Width:
8、 开间:
Refers to the width of a residence, which is the actual distance between one wall surface and another within a single room of a house. The opening width in residential design has strict regulations;
指住宅的宽度,指一间房屋内一面墙皮之间到另一面墙皮之间的实际距离,住宅的开间在住宅设计上有严格的规定;
a smaller opening width can shorten the inter-floor span of the floor slab, enhancing the overall integrity, stability and seismic resistance of the residential structure.
较小的开间范围,可缩短楼板的层间跨度,增强住宅结构的整体性、稳定性和抗震性;
9. Building Area:
9、 建筑面积:
It refers to the horizontal area enclosed by the outer walls of a building.
指建筑物外墙外围所围成空间的水平面积.
It includes the usable living area of the house, the area occupied by walls and columns, the area of stairways and corridors, and other shared areas.
包含了房屋居住可用的实用面积、墙体柱体占地面积、楼梯走道面积、其它公摊面积等;
10. Common Area:
10、公摊面积:
It refers to the total area of the building's stairs, elevator shafts, exterior walls, public lobbies, corridors, equipment rooms, the first-floor lobby, and some other supporting facilities within the community.
指建筑物的楼梯、电梯井、外墙、公共门厅、走道、设备间、首层大堂及小区内其它一些配套设施的面积总和;
11. Usage Area:
11、使用面积:
It is the net usable area for residents' daily life after deducting the shared area and the area occupied by walls and columns from the total building area. It is commonly known as the floor area.
它是建筑面积扣除公摊面积、及墙体柱体所占用的面积后的直接供住户生活的净使用面积,俗称地砖面积;
12. Floor Area:
12、占地面积:
The area occupied by the building foundation and its functions is also known as the red line area.
建筑物基底及其功能需要占用的面积,也叫红线面积;
13. The net building area = Net usable area + Net wall area + Balcony area (Terrace area is calculated as half the area).
13、套内建筑面积=套内使用面积+套内墙体面积+阳台建筑面积(露台面积按半面积计算);
14. Building area = Net building area + Shared area;
14、建筑面积=套内建筑面积+公摊面积;
15. Sales area = Net building area + Shared public building area;
15、销售面积=套内建筑面积+公摊的公用建筑面积;
Commercial housing is sold by "unit" or "block".
商品房按“套”或“单元”出售;
16. Common area floor area = Total building area - Internal area of each unit - Unallocated area that should not be shared;
16、公用建筑面积=整幢建筑面积-套内建筑面积和-不应分摊的建筑面积;
17. The shared public building area = the net building area of the unit × the shared building area allocation coefficient;
17、公摊的公用建筑面积=套内建筑面积×公用建筑面积分摊系数;
18. Common area allocation coefficient: Common area area ÷ Sum of interior area of each unit;
18、公用建筑面积分摊系数:公用建筑面积÷套内建筑面积之和;
19. The shared common area floor space includes: lobby, public hall, corridors, passageways, communal toilets, elevator lobby, stairwells, elevator shafts, elevator machine rooms, garbage chutes, pipe shafts, fire control rooms, fire escape routes, pump rooms, water tank rooms, refrigeration machine rooms, power distribution rooms, gas pressure regulating rooms, air conditioning rooms, elevator maintenance rooms, duty guard rooms, satellite receiving rooms, etc.
19、分摊的公用建筑面积包括:大堂、公共大厅、走廊、过道、共厕、电梯前厅、楼梯间、电梯井、电梯机房、垃圾道、管道井、消防控制室、消防通道、水泵房、水箱间、冷冻机房、配电室、煤气调压室、空调房、电梯工休息室、值班警卫室、卫星接收机房等;
20. Unrecorded shared area: warehouses, garages, driveways, heating boiler rooms, civil defense basements, property management offices, self-operated and self-used houses of the selling unit, guard rooms serving multiple buildings.
20、不记入的公摊面积:仓库、车库、车道、供暖锅炉房、人防地下室、物管用房、售房单位自营、自用房屋、多幢房屋服务的警卫室;
21. Utilization rate = Gross floor area of the unit ÷ Total floor area of the residence;
21、实用率=套内建筑面积÷住宅建筑面积;
22. Utilization rate = usable area / residential area. Generally, for high-rise buildings, it ranges from 72% to 75%, while for apartment buildings, it is between 78% and 80%;
22、使用率=使用面积÷住宅面积,一般高层塔楼在72%至75%之间,板楼在78%至80%之间;
it is less than the utilization rate.
小于实用率;
23. Basement:
23、地下室:
It means that the height of the room floor below the outdoor ground level exceeds half of the room's net height.
指房间地面低于室外地平面的高度超过该房间净高的1／2;
24. Partial Basement:
24、半地下室:
It means that the height of the room floor below the outdoor ground level exceeds one third of the room's net height, but does not exceed one half.
指房间地面低于室外地平面的高度超过该房间净高的1／3,且不超过1／2;
25. Balcony:
25、阳台:
A space for residents to carry out outdoor activities / dry clothes, etc.
供居住者进行室外活动/晾晒衣物等的空间;
26. Platform:
26、平台:
The upper roof surface or the part extending outdoors from the ground floor of the residence, which is used for outdoor activities by the occupants;
供居住者进行室外活动的上屋面或由住宅底层地面伸出室外的部分;
27. Standard Floor:
27、标准层:
Refers to the residential floors with the same floor plan;
指平面布置相同的住宅楼层;
28. Middle Layer:
28、中间层:
The floor between the ground floor and the top residential entrance floor.
底层和最高住户入口层之间的中间楼层.
III. Real Estate Industry Terminology:
三、房地产行业术语:
(1) Indoor Facilities:
（一）室内设施:
Four types of energy: heating, gas, water heater, air conditioner.
1、 四气:暖气、煤气、热水器、空调;
2. Complete set: Household appliances (TV, refrigerator, washing machine) and furniture (bed, wardrobe, sofa, TV stand, full-size cabinet);
2、 全齐:家电(电视、冰箱、洗衣机)和家具(床、衣柜、沙发、电视柜、整体橱柜);
(2) Classification of Renovation:
(二)装修分类:
1. Mao Pi: Cement floor, cement wall;
1、 毛 坯:水泥地、水泥墙;
2. Interior decoration: Ceramic tiles, white walls;
2、 简 装 修:地砖、白墙;
3. Decoration: Ceramic tiles, wooden floors;
3、 中 装 修:大地砖、木地板;
4. Decoration: Wooden flooring, door and window casings;
4、 精 装 修:木地板、包门、包窗;
5. Luxurious decoration: The interior is modern and the materials are of high quality.
5、 豪华装修:装修前卫、用料讲究;
(3) Floor Plan and Area:
(三)户型及面积:
1. One-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 30 - 50 square meters;
1、 一居室:公房面积:30-50平米;
Commercial housing area: 40 - 60 square meters;
商品房面积:40-60平米;
2. Two-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 50 - 70 square meters;
2、 二居室:公房面积:50-70平米;
Commercial housing area: 70 - 100 square meters;
商品房面积:70-100平米;
3. Three-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 60 - 90 square meters;
3、 三居室:公房面积:60-90平米;
Commercial housing area: 110 - 150 square meters;
商品房面积:110-150平米;
4. Multi-level: A house design where the floor levels jump from one to another, such as 1st floor to 2nd floor, 3rd floor to 4th floor, etc.
4、 越层:房屋使用层跳跃的房型,如一越二,三越四等;
5. Staircase-type layout: A floor-plan design where the floors in the house are unevenly distributed.
5、 错层:房屋内地面错落的房型;
(4) Floor and Orientation:
(四) 楼层及朝向:
1. Floor description: The multi-story building has 6 floors, and the floor where the house is located is the 3rd floor, which is abbreviated as 3/6.
1、 楼层描述,多层楼房为6层,房屋所在层3层,简写3/6;
Pros and Cons:
优劣:
In buildings, there is a saying about the optimal floor numbers: "Gold for the third floor, silver for the fourth floor", meaning the third floor is the best and the fourth floor is the second best.
楼房中多层楼有“金三银四”的说法,即六层楼三层最佳,四层次之;
The prices of the higher floors in high-rise buildings are also higher, except for the top floors in second-hand houses.
高层楼中楼层较高的价位也较高,但二手房中顶楼除外;
2. Orientation (based on the direction corresponding to the main bedroom window): The orientation of multi-story buildings is mostly north-south or east-west.
2、 朝向(以主卧室窗户所对应的方向为准)多层楼朝向多为南北正向或东西侧向;
The orientation of high-rise buildings is similar to that of multi-story buildings.
高层板楼与多层楼的朝向相似;
The high-rise towers are mostly square-shaped, and their orientations are mostly southeast, southwest, northeast, northwest, and various oblique directions.
高层塔楼多为四角,其朝向多为东南、西南、东北、西北及各种斜向;
IV. Characteristics of Real Estate:
四、房地产特性:
(1) Immobility;
(一) 不可移动性;
(2) Uniqueness;
(二) 独一无二性;
(3) Longevity and durability;
(三) 寿命长久性;
(4) Limited Quantity;
(四) 数量有限性;
(5) Diversity of Uses;
(五) 用途多样性;
(6) Mutual Influence;
(六) 相互影响性;
(7) Subject to significant influence from policies and the market;
(七) 受政策\市场影响大;
(8) High value;
(八) 标的高;
(9) Slow cash flow;
(九) 变现慢;
(10) Preservation and Appreciation of Value;
(十)保值增值性;
V. House Classification and Detailed Explanation:
五、房屋分类及详解:
(1) Classified by the number of floors in the residence:
(一) 按住宅层数划分:
1. Lower floors: The number of floors is 1 to 3.
1、 低层:层数为1-3层;
2. Multi-layer: The number of layers is 4 to 6.
2、 多层:层数为4-6层;
3. Middle and Upper Floors: The building has 7 to 9 floors.
3、 中高层:层数为7-9层;
4. High-rise: Above 10 floors;
4、 高层:10层以上;
(2) Classified by usage nature:
(二) 按使用性质划分:
1. Productive buildings;
1、 生产性建筑;
factories, workshops, etc.
厂房、车间等；
2. Non-productive buildings
2、 非生产性建筑;
Residential buildings: such as houses, etc.
居住建筑:如住宅等;
Public buildings: such as offices, cultural and sports facilities, transportation facilities, etc.
公共建筑:如办公、文体、交通等;
(III) Classification by Structural Type:
(三) 按结构类型划分:
1. Brick-concrete structure: In this type of building, the vertical load-bearing components are made of brick walls or brick columns, while the horizontal load-bearing components are composed of reinforced concrete floor slabs and roof slabs.
1、 砖混结构:这类建筑物的竖向承重构件采用砖墙或砖柱，水平承重构件采用钢筋混凝土楼板、屋顶板。
This structure has small rooms and a low number of floors, and is generally used in multi-story buildings.
这种结构房间小、层数低，一般用于多层建筑中；
2. Frame Structure: This type of structure's load-bearing components are formed by beams, slabs and columns made of reinforced concrete or steel, and can be used for high-rise buildings.
2、 框架结构:这种结构的承重部分是由钢筋混凝土或钢材制作的梁、板、柱形成的骨架，可用于小高层建筑;
3. Reinforced concrete shear wall structure;
3、 钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构;
The vertical load-bearing components and horizontal load-bearing components of this type of building are all made of reinforced concrete, and it is commonly used in high-rise buildings.
这类建筑物的竖向承重构件和水平承重构件均采用钢筋混凝土制作，多用于高层建筑
4. Spatial structure: Includes: grid structure, truss structure, shell structure, etc.
4、 空间结构:包括:县索结构、网架结构、壳体结构等。
Examples include stadiums and grand theaters.
如体育馆、大剧院等；
(4) Classified by building materials:
(四) 按建筑材料划分:
1. Brick-concrete: Red bricks and cement;
1、 砖混:红砖与水泥;
The main load-bearing components are constructed using bricks and concrete.
承重的主要构件是用砖和混凝土建造的;
2. Steel and concrete: Cast, the most sturdy;
2、 钢混:浇注、最为结实;
The main load-bearing components are constructed with steel and reinforced concrete.
承重的主要构件是用钢、钢筋混凝土建造的;
3. Prefabricated slabs: Prefabricated concrete slabs and reinforcing bars;
3、 预制板:预制的混凝土板与钢筋;
The main load-bearing components are constructed with reinforced concrete.
承重的主要构件是用钢筋混凝土建造的.
This includes buildings with thin-shell structures, large formwork cast-in-place structures, and reinforced concrete structures constructed using sliding forms or lift-up slabs.
包括薄壳结构、大模板现浇结构及使用滑模、升板等建造的钢筋混凝土结构的建筑物;
(5) Classified by the appearance of the building type:
(五) 按楼型外观划分:
1. Office building:
1、 板楼:
It refers to a type of residential building composed of multiple residential units, each of which has stairs or both stairs and elevators;
是指由多个住宅单元组合而成,每单元均设有楼梯或楼梯、电梯皆有的住宅;
each unit has its own separate stairs and elevators.
每个单元用自己单独的楼梯、电梯;
The basic forms of high-rise buildings: Multi-storey: below 6 floors;
板楼基本形式:多 层:６层以下;
Mid-rise: within 7-12 floors;
小高层:7-12层以内;
High-rise: 13-18 floors;
高层:13-18层;
Super high-rise: above 18 floors and even higher.
超高层:18层以上甚至更高;
2. Tower:
2、 塔楼:
It mainly refers to high-rise residential buildings where multiple housing units are arranged around a common staircase or elevator.
主要是指以共用楼梯、电梯为核心布置多套住房的高层住宅.
In simple terms, the tower is centered around the elevator and staircase, and after reaching the floor, one can directly enter the apartment by walking in any direction.
通俗地说,塔楼以电梯、楼梯为布局核心,上到楼层之后,向四面走可以直接进入户内;
The basic forms of the towers: butterfly type, pyramid type, Z-shaped type, tower plate combination, cross type, square tower.
塔楼基本形式:蝶型、品字型、Z字型、塔板结合、十字型、方形塔楼;
Addendum: Apartment buildings: The bathrooms and kitchens are shared collectively.
补充：筒子楼:卫生间、厨房都集体公用；
Office building: for office use;
写字楼:办公使用;
(6) Classified by house layout:
(六) 按房屋户型划分:
1. One-bedroom apartment;
1、 一居室;
One-bedroom room
一卧室;
2. Two-bedroom apartment;
2、 二居室;
Two bedrooms
二卧室;
3. Three-bedroom apartment;
3、 三居室;
Three bedrooms
三卧室;
4. Multiple bedrooms;
4、 多居室;
Multiple rooms
多卧室;
5. Misalignment: This refers to a situation where a house is not on the same level, meaning that the living room, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, and balcony within the house are located on several different levels of elevation.
5、 错 层:主要指的是一套房子不处于同一平面，即房内的厅、卧、卫、厨、阳台处于几个高度不同的平面上。
6. Split-level: A split-level house consists of two floors, with an internal staircase connecting the upper and lower levels.
6、 跃 层:跃层住宅是一套住宅占两个楼层,有内部楼梯联系上下层;
Usually, the living room, kitchen, dining room, and bathroom are located on the first floor, and at least one bedroom is also provided.
一般在首层安排起居室、厨房、餐厅、卫生间,最好有一间卧室,二层安排卧室、书房和卫生间等。
On the second floor, there are bedrooms, study rooms, and bathrooms, etc.
7. Duplex: In terms of concept, a duplex residence is considered as one floor, but it has a higher floor height than a regular house. Partially, a mezzanine can be excavated to accommodate bedrooms or study areas, and these areas are connected by stairs.
7、 复 式:复式住宅在概念上是一层，但层高较普通的住宅高，可在局部掏出夹层，安排卧室或书房等内容，用楼梯联系上下。
The purpose is to increase the utilization rate of the residential space.
其目的是提高住宅空间利用率。
(7) Classified by property rights nature:
(七) 按产权性质划分:
1. Commercial housing: Refers to the houses constructed by various real estate development companies for profit purposes and operated in accordance with market rules.
1、 商品房：指各房地产开发公司投资兴建的，以赢利为目的，按市场规律经营的房子；
Classification:
分类：
(1) Ordinary residence:
(1) 普通住宅:
Floor area ratio of 1.0 (inclusive) or above;
容积率1.0(含1.0)以上;
The building area is less than 140 square meters.
建筑面积在140平方米以下;
The transaction price is less than 1.2 times the average transaction price of similar-level land-based housing.
成交价低于同级别土地住房平均交易价格1.2倍以下;
(2) Non-residential properties:
(2) 非普通住宅:
Building A;
甲宅;
24-hour elevators, security services, and the property management fee is relatively high.
24小时电梯、保安，物业费较高；
Apartment;
公寓;
Commercial housing, 24-hour elevators, security guards, 24-hour hot water supply from pipelines;
商品房、24小时电梯、保安、24小时管道热水；
Villa: (Single-family, row house, duplex, terraced house) Generally located in more remote areas.
别墅:(独栋、联排、双拼、叠拼)一般较为偏远;
(3) Sales qualifications for commercial housing: The sale of commercial housing requires the possession of the following five certificates: The "State-owned Land Use Certificate", "Construction Land Planning Permit", "Construction Engineering Planning Permit", "Construction Engineering Construction Permit", and "Commercial Housing Pre-sale Permit".
(3) 商品房销售资质:商品房销售须具备以下五证：《国有土地使用证》、《建设用地规划可证》、《建设工程规划许可证》、《建筑工程施工许可证》、《商品房预销售许可证》；
2. Purchased Public Housing:
2、 已购公房:
Ordinary Public Housing: Refers to the public housing originally owned by the unit but purchased by the unit's employees at cost price, standard price or discounted price in accordance with the relevant housing sale policies of the state.
普通公房: 指按照国家房改有关售房政策,单位职工按成本价、标准价或优惠价购买的原产权属于单位的公有住房.
These are the housing projects built by the unit and the housing constructed through collective fundraising and cooperative construction that were purchased by the employees at cost price or standard price in accordance with national policies.
职工根据国家政策,按成本价或标准价购买的由单位建设的安居工程和集资合作建设的住房;
State-owned housing: Refers to the public housing that was purchased by employees of units in accordance with the relevant housing reform policies of the state. These were originally owned by central government units in Beijing, large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, and the administrative organs of various ministries and commissions of the State Council.
央产房: 指按照国家房改有关售房政策,单位职工按成本价、标准价或优惠价购买的原产权属于中央在京单位,国有大中型企业及国务院各部委机关的公有住房.
Employees follow the national policies.
职工根据国家政策
声明：本文由入驻焦点开放平台的作者撰写，除焦点官方账号外，观点仅代表作者本人，不代表焦点立场。
