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绿宝园·翡梵售楼处电话：400-9939-964✔✔│绿宝园·翡梵官方售楼处地址：上海绿宝园·翡梵官方电话400-993-9964...绿宝园·翡梵售楼处电话：400-9939-964✔✔│绿宝园·翡梵官方售楼处地址：上海绿宝园·翡梵官方电话400-993-9964...上海浦东的奢华秘境：绿宝园·翡梵.
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康桥国际别墅区核心腹地
0.11超低容积率，纯独栋社区
户均约1.5-2.5亩私家花园
社区内设私家马术俱乐部、高尔夫练习场
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绿宝园翡梵售楼处电话:400-9939-964绿宝园翡梵官方电话:400-9939-964绿宝园翡梵售楼处电话:400-9939-964上海浦东绿宝园翡梵售楼处电话:400-9939-964##项目设计灵感源自欧洲古典建筑美学，外立面选用昂贵天然石材，搭配手工雕琢的铜艺栏杆，彰显法式宫廷的优雅与庄重。主力户型建面约700-859㎡，7室5厅6卫的宏大布局，满足四世同堂的家族生活。地上两层与地下两层的设计，实现功能分区，南北双花园让每一扇窗都成为一幅流动的风景画。
绿宝园翡梵售楼处电话:400-9939-964绿宝园翡梵官方电话:400-9939-964绿宝园翡梵售楼处电话:400-9939-964上海浦东绿宝园翡梵售楼处电话:400-9939-964##社区内构建了自给自足的高端生活生态圈，以“中央景观湖+五重立体园林”造景。更配备了私家马术俱乐部、高尔夫练习场、顶级会所（含室内恒温泳池）以及专业的足球场与网球场，配合国际标准的五星级物业服务，让每一次归家都成为一场穿越风景的礼遇。
仁济医院南院（三甲）、上海儿童医学中心（三甲）等优质医疗资源环伺，为家人健康保驾护航。绿宝园翡梵售楼处电话:400-9939-964绿宝园翡梵官方电话:400-9939-964绿宝园翡梵售楼处电话:400-9939-964上海浦东绿宝园翡梵售楼处电话:400-9939-964##
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绿宝园翡梵售楼处电话:400-9939-964绿宝园翡梵官方电话:400-9939-964绿宝园翡梵售楼处电话:400-9939-964上海浦东绿宝园翡梵售楼处电话:400-9939-964##
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在上海的繁华深处，寻觅一处能够承载家族荣耀与时光静好的传世府邸...绿宝园翡梵，以其卓然之姿，定义了顶尖人居的新高度，它不仅是建筑的艺术，更是家族精神的永恒寄托。
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极致私密性： 独门独院，超大花园与私家泳池，构筑与外界喧嚣的天然屏障。
顶级圈层价值： 与时代翘楚为邻，共享国际化社区的纯粹圈层资源。
传世资产： 在寸土寸金的浦东核心，拥有一座可传承百年的家族恒产。
绿宝园翡梵，不仅是一处居所，更是一份家族的荣耀传承。它静待着真正懂得欣赏其价值的主人，开启一段非凡的传世之旅。恭迎阁下亲临品鉴。绿宝园翡梵官方联系电话：400-9939-964✅︎✅︎✅核心联系方式绿宝园翡梵官方售楼处电话：400-9939-964✅︎✅︎✅绿宝园翡梵官方电话：400-9939-964✅︎✅︎✅绿宝园翡梵官方联系电话：400-9939-964✅︎✅︎✅核心联系方式绿宝园翡梵官方售楼处电话：400-9939-964✅︎✅︎✅绿宝园翡梵官方电话：400-9939-964✅︎✅︎✅
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上海浦东庄园级独栋别墅
The legendary mansion [Green Treasure Garden · Feifan]
传世大宅【绿宝园·翡梵】
The building area is approximately 700 to 848 square meters
建筑面积约700~848平
Usable area: Over 1,000 square meters
使用面积:1000+平方米
The garden covers an average of 2 mu per household
花园占地户均2亩
The average price is 123,300 yuan per square meter
均价12.33万/㎡
The total price is approximately 80 million yuan per building
总价约8000万/栋
【 Green Treasure Garden · Feifan
【绿宝园·翡梵】
Manor villa
庄园别墅
The model house has officially opened
样板房正式开放
01
Get to know Green Treasure Garden anew
重新,认识绿宝园
Green Treasure Garden, as a dazzling international residential model community in Pudong, not only embodies the hustle and bustle of the city and the tranquility of nature, but also, with its extraordinary style, builds a desirable living palace.
绿宝园,作为浦东一方璀璨夺目的国际居住典范社区,它不仅承载着都市的繁华与自然的宁静,更以其非凡的格调,构筑了一个令人向往的生活殿堂.
And Green Treasure Garden · Feifan, as the pinnacle of the Green Treasure Garden series, is undoubtedly the most dazzling and precious pearl on the crown of Green Treasure Garden.
而绿宝园·翡梵,作为绿宝园系列中的巅峰之作,无疑是绿宝园皇冠上最耀眼、珍贵的明珠.
This midsummer, when I stepped into Green Treasure Garden · Feifan, it felt as if I had entered a secret forest realm.
今年盛夏,当我走进绿宝园·翡梵,仿佛走进了一座森林秘境.
This is the first time I have encountered Feifan in the Green Treasure Garden over the years, no less than dozens of times. It's like getting to know a familiar friend anew.
这是我多年来,不下于数十次与绿宝园邂逅,但却是第一次遇见翡梵,犹如重新认识了一位熟悉的朋友.
Walking through the community, under the towering tree shadows that block out the sun, the cicadas' chirping seems to be playing music. With each inhalation and exhalation, the air becomes cold and is mixed with a variety of floral scents.
漫步于社区,参天蔽日树影下,蝉鸣仿佛都在奏乐,一呼一吸间,空气变得清冷,也夹杂了多样的花香.
实景图
As is well known, Green Treasure Garden is a large international residential area brimming with greenery. Over the past two decades, the entire area has been meticulously maintained with the concept of oasis cultivation, which has led to the creation of this green landscape.
众所周知,绿宝园是一座绿意盎然的大型国际住区,二十余年间,全域始终以绿洲的培育概念精心养护,方才成就这一片绿境.
If twenty years ago, the city provided this land with the opportunity to grow;
如果说二十年前,城市给予这片土地成长的契机;
More than twenty years later, this land returned to the city a brand-new forest - Feifan.
那二十年余后,这片土地回馈给这个城市一座全新的森林——翡梵.
From green to jadeite, it is precisely an evolution from raw jade to jadeite, a gift bestowed by time.
从绿到翡,正是璞玉到翡翠的一次进化,一份时光给予的礼物.
From the moment you step through the gates of Feifan, you will forget that you are living in a bustling city.
从步入翡梵大门的那一刻起,你会忘记生活在喧嚣的城市中.
The towering tree scatters the scorching sun into gentle dappled patterns, which are capriciously laid out on the road home.
遮天的大树,把烈日打散成温柔的斑驳,任性的铺设在回家的道路上.
It made people's pace slow down a little, and even slower.
让人的步伐,慢了一些,又慢了一些.
实景图
You will surely, like me, stop for a moment at the entrance. The water flow device is designed in the shape of a big tree and is hidden in the thick forest.
你一定也会和我一样,在入口处停留片刻,流水装置被设计成大树的形状,藏身于密林之中.
It is like an artistic waterfall, making the restlessness of summer vanish without a trace. The sound of water flowing and the chirping of birds play in harmony, creating a unique sense of an urban forest.
好似一个艺术瀑布,让夏日浮躁之感没了踪影,水流之声与鸟鸣奏乐,别有一番都市森林之感.
The photographer showed me an aerial perspective with the aircraft. The intense greenery struck me, and the word "forest" naturally planted the first impression of Feifan in my heart.
摄影师拿飞行器给我看一个空中的视角,强烈的绿色冲击着我,“森林”两字自然而然,就在心中埋下了对翡梵的第一眼认知.
Why does such an ordinary word as "forest" touch me so deeply at this moment?
森林,这样一个再普通不过的词汇,为何此刻会让我如此感触?
In such a concrete jungle city, we are not short of a dazzling array of goods or the clinking of glasses, but what we lack is this sense of nature.
在这样一座钢筋水泥的都市里,我们不缺琳琅满目、不缺觥筹交错,而唯缺这一份自然.
实景图
The deeper one goes into Feifan, the more relaxed one's mind becomes.
越往翡梵深处,心境越来越放松.
Coincidentally, a gentle breeze blew by, bringing a unique floral fragrance. Closing my eyes and taking a deep breath, it seemed as if I could convey the fragrance to my heart.
凑巧,一阵微风吹过,带来了别样的花香,闭上眼,深深地吸一口气,仿佛能够将花香传递到心里.
This is a wonderful scene created by the sun, flowers and gentle breeze together.
这是阳光、花朵和微风共同创造的美妙.
In Shanghai, how long has it been since you last felt so much the gifts of nature and the beauty of life bestowed by time?
在上海,你有多久没有如此感受到大自然的恩赐,感受到时光给予的生活美好.
I told my fellow colleagues that this kind of beauty in Shanghai is more precious than luxury goods.
我和同行之友说,这份美好在魔都,可比奢侈品珍贵.
对于上海这座城市而言:“所住的小区正在成为社会地位和财富的重要象征”.就如同基因与血统一般,这种优越感一旦有了,就会跟随一生.
而绿宝园,就是这样一个匹配时代、世代传承的高端居所.
项目是一个由纯正的国际化规划,国际物管等先进概念为主的社区.
社区前期已交付的房源,其高品质建筑和景观规划,例如精致园林、社区道路以及历久弥新的楼栋立面,即使放到现在来看,依旧是惊艳.
绿宝园实景图
Not to mention that over 20 years ago, such an advanced development concept and vision were the greatest affirmation of Huibao Real Estate.
何况是在20多年前,这样超前的开发理念及眼光,是对汇宝地产最大的肯定.
By 2005, Green Treasure Garden had become a mature villa community with a rental and sales rate of approximately 95%, and there were foreigners from nearly 40 countries among them.
之后,到2005年,绿宝园已经是一个租售率高达约95%的成熟别墅社区了,其中更是有近40个国家的外籍人士.
And Fei Fan is the pearl on the crown of the Green Treasure Garden.
而翡梵,是绿宝园王冠上的那颗明珠.
Green Treasure Garden · Feifan covers an area of approximately 66,000 square meters and consists of 38 French-style detached villa buildings with a construction area of about 700 to 848 square meters, corresponding to an area of about 1.5 to 2 mu. Each owner can enjoy the romantic life brought by the huge garden.
绿宝园·翡梵整体占地面积约6.6万方,由38栋建面约700-848㎡法式独栋庄园别墅组成,对应的是约1.5-2亩的占地面积,每个业主能享受超大花园带来的浪漫生活.
This scale and regulation convey a sense of emphasis on family inheritance!
这种尺度这种规制传达出的是一种对家族传承的重视!
Moreover, such a highly uniform total price threshold brings together more high-net-worth individuals who pursue a life and artistic atmosphere.
另外,如此高度统一的总价门槛,让更多追求生活、艺术氛围的高净值人群聚集在一起.
In the future, a cross-border art exchange might take place in a "Regret Not having met earlier" event at the Green Treasure Garden Club.
未来,一场跨国界的艺术交流,可能就出现在绿宝园会所里的一次相见恨晚.
A French romantic journey began with a leisurely night chat in the Green Treasure Garden · Feifan Garden.
一次法式浪漫之旅,就起始于绿宝园·翡梵园林里的一次闲庭夜话.
A thousand pieces of gold for a house, ten thousand pieces of gold for a neighbor!
千金买房,万金买邻!
The community heritage and high-net-worth living level of Green Treasure Garden · Feifan offer unlimited possibilities to every resident.
绿宝园·翡梵的社区底蕴、高净值居住层级,为每一位居者带来的可能性是不可限量的.
除了高度统一圈层以及恢弘的尺度外,绿宝园·翡梵的产品出自专业建筑匠人之手,凝聚了众多国匠智慧,呈现的塔尖级高品质令人惊艳!
走进翡梵,目光所及之处皆法式风情.
文艺复兴、巴洛克、新古典主义,三种不同时期的风格精髓,融合了其经典设计元素,使枫丹白露宫、凡尔赛宫、罗马万神庙的艺术特征在当下生活中得以延续.
实景图
The balcony railings are either round and smooth Aquarius columns or carved patterns.
露台栏杆,有些是圆润的宝瓶柱,有些则是雕花式样;
The size and shape of the Windows and the division of the glass are all slightly different.
窗户的大小形状、玻璃的分割都略有不同;
Even the color of the roof adopts black, gray and red tones, complementing each other.
甚至屋顶的颜色都采用了黑灰红三种色调,相辅相成.
The unique corridor design serves as a protective layer against external wind and rain, and also acts as a perfect transitional space. A romantic afternoon tea time can start here at any time.
独特的外廊设计,是外部风雨的保护层,同时也是一个完美的过渡空间,一场浪漫的下午茶时光,随时能在这里开启.
The terrace is the finishing touch of French architecture, integrating inclusiveness, romance, laziness and refinement into a small space.
露台,则是法式建筑的点睛之笔,它将包容、浪漫、慵懒、精致融进方寸之地.
I prefer it to be a private place for dialogue between the night and the starry sky.
我更向往它是夜晚与星空的私人对话之境.
These details paying tribute to the classics have endowed the architecture of Green Treasure Garden · Feifan with vitality and added a story of the passage of time.
这些致敬经典的细节,让绿宝园·翡梵的建筑有了的生命力,更多了一份岁月洗礼的故事.
实景图
The above-ground construction area is 700 to 850 square meters, which is the digital expression of the large standalone building of Green Treasure Garden · Feifan. But I would rather say that it is like a palace.
地上建筑面积700-850㎡,是绿宝园·翡梵的大独栋数字表达,但我更想说,它像是一座宫殿.
Ladies' afternoon tea, midsummer night party...
贵妇下午茶,仲夏夜派对……
Some scenes of noble life seem to be vividly unfolding here.
一些贵族生活场景,仿佛活灵活现地在这里上演.
The categories of urban luxury residences are becoming increasingly detailed. However, when looking at top-tier assets, it can be seen that the upper-class individuals, in their choice of houses, apart from physical space, are paying more and more attention to the realization of cultural and artistic value.
城市豪宅的类别越来越细分,但纵观塔尖资产,却可以看到:层峯人士在房子的选择上,除了物理空间外,愈发注重文化和艺术价值的实现.
Because only the classics recognized by time can become the treasures that a family can pass down through the ages.
因为,只有被时间认可的经典,方能成为家族可传世的珍宝.
Not all villas are detached houses.
不是所有别墅,都是独栋;
Not all single-family houses are worthy of family inheritance.
不是所有独栋,都值得家族传承.
A residence that can truly be passed down through the ages should be a peaceful place in the hustle and bustle of the city. Green Treasure Garden · Feifan, which is just a step from the city center yet embraces a forest secret realm, is such a case in point.
一席真正能够时代相传的居所,应当是城市繁华中的一处宁静之地,一步城芯却揽森林秘境的绿宝园·翡梵便是如此.
①能承载更多美好生活的传世独栋!
当家族的财富累积到了一定级别,真正让你兴趣盎然的可能是墙上的一幅名画,或者桌上的一套瓷器,但无论是哪种,你都需要一栋有天有地的独栋别墅,来承载这些乐趣!
绿宝园示意图
Compared with the uniformity of the layout of large apartments, the single-family villa Green Treasure Garden · Feifan is more malleable from the inside out and better meets the personalized needs of exclusive customization. It adds a touch of artistic philosophy to the mundane modern life.
相比大平层格局上的千篇一律,独栋别墅的绿宝园·翡梵从内到外的可塑性更强,更符合独家定制的个性需求,在平淡的现代生活里,增加一点艺术的哲思.
This self-created design is a symbol of social circle and status. Green Treasure Garden · Feifan is not merely a building; it is also a symbol of the family's glory. Every resident here can feel this sense of dignity and honor.
这种自成天地的设计是圈层和身份的象征,绿宝园·翡梵不仅仅是一座建筑,更是家族荣耀的象征,每一位居住在这里的人都可以感受到这份尊贵和荣耀.
The three classic design elements of the Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassicism make you feel as if you were in a European palace!
②文艺复兴、巴洛克、新古典主义3个经典设计元素,仿佛置身于欧洲宫殿之中!
In modern cities, high-rise buildings and reinforced concrete structures are common architectural landscapes.
在现代城市中,高楼大厦、钢筋水泥是常见的建筑风景.
However, Green Treasure Garden · Feifan, based on its natural stone facade from Vinado in Bulgaria, presents the classic French styles of three specific historical periods: the Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassicism.
然而,绿宝园·翡梵以其保加利亚的维纳多天然石材立面为基础,呈现出文艺复兴、巴洛克、新古典主义3个特定历史时期的法式经典风格.
绿宝园示意图
绿宝园示意图
这里的建筑设计注重庄严、厚重,建筑的线条和装饰元素传达出一种永恒的艺术美.每一块天然石材、每一处花园布局,都散发着浓厚的艺术氛围.
另外,为了营造纯正法式风格和尊贵的仪式感,入口处以香颂花园营造四季景致,这不仅为翡梵增添了强烈的尊贵感和仪式感,还传达出一种对自然与人文的融合与尊重.
绿宝园实景图
③ The luxurious ceiling height and the grand layout of the residence make the scale extraordinary and the noble family style naturally formed!
③奢阔层高+大宅布局,尺度非凡名门格调自然天成!
In terms of products, the products of Green Treasure Garden · Feifan feature a grand sense of scale, with a floor height of approximately 4.2 meters on the first floor and about 4 meters on the second floor (excluding the dome).
产品方面,绿宝园·翡梵的产品拥有恢弘的尺度感,1楼约4.2米的层高、2楼约4米的层高(不包含穹顶).
You should know that if you are not satisfied with the decoration, you can knock it down and start over, but the floor height cannot be changed.
要知道,装修不满意你大可敲掉重来,但层高变不了.
The same product, with a ceiling height of 4 to 4.2 meters, offers a sense of scale and visual extension, which can bring more possibilities and better comfort to life.
同样的产品,4-4.2米的层高所拥有的尺度感和视野延展性,能给生活带来更多的可能、更好的舒适度.
The large-scale viewing terrace presents a more spacious sense of space, not only enhancing the indoor lighting effect but also matching the elegant demeanor in the minds of Eastern elites.
大尺度的观景露台,呈献更为朗阔的空间感,不仅让室内采光效果更好,更匹配东方精英心中的雍容气度.
The interior planning features a spacious layout of a large house with a large-scale spatial pattern.
室内规划的是尺度阔卓的大宅布局,大尺度空间格局.
While showcasing the grandeur of a luxurious and comfortable life, it also conceals the myriad aspects of a fulfilling life.
在彰显奢适生活排场的同时,又隐匿了美满人生的万象.
④ Five-star service standards and luxurious clubs ensure that the owner's respect is captured in every moment!
④五星级服务水准+奢享会所,让业主的尊崇定格在每一刻!
The hardware of the project is impeccable, and the soft property management is also five-star!
项目的硬件无可挑剔,软性物业同样是五星级的!
The project collaborates with high-end property management consulting companies to provide comprehensive property management services in accordance with international standards. The developer is personally involved in formulating management processes and conducts community management to a 5-star standard.
项目联袂高端物管顾问公司、提供国际标准的全方位物业管理服务,开发商亲历参与制定管理流程,以5星级的标准去进行社区管理.
The high standards, professionalism and thoughtfulness of this property can be seen from the fact that Green Treasure Garden has remained favored by foreigners and high-ranking figures over the past 20 years.
而这个物业的高规格、专业度、贴心度,从绿宝园这20年来依旧深受外籍人士、层峯人物青睐中就能看出.
另外,项目还配备奢享会所,涵盖室内恒温泳池、健身房、篮球场、足球场、果岭高尔夫、室内儿童游乐场等多类户内外运动场地,让业主足不出户纵享高端、雅趣、尊荣的高定服务!
绿宝园实景图
绿宝园实景图
与其他超低密住宅只专注于产品不同,绿宝园·翡梵的地段同样充满惊喜.
项目位于浦东康桥国际别墅区,这个板块诠释了真正的出则繁华入则静谧.
首先,作为上海的国际别墅区之一,康桥周边生活环境、高端配套的发展相当完善.
典型的就是国际国内知名的教育资源配套:如上海英国学校、长宁国际学校、上海浦东新区民办常青藤小学和幼儿园等.
并且,凭借着康桥便捷的交通,即使是前滩的惠灵顿国际学校,也同样能成为家长们的选择.
惠灵顿国际学校实景图
其次,地段方面:在距陆家嘴直线约13km范围内,目前只有绿宝园·翡梵一盘有一手纯大面积独栋别墅供应.
并且,康桥凭借区域内的中环线、S20、11号线、18号线等道路交通设施,把康桥和陆家嘴、北外滩、前滩、张江科学城等城市重大CBD连成一条黄金轴线.
绿宝园·翡梵的业主,可以通过自驾、轨道交通等等手段迅捷直达城市核心资源.
示意图
Finally, although it is not far from the bustling city center, Kangqiao is a rare paradise.
最后,虽然不远处就是繁华的城市核心,但康桥却是一个难得的世外桃源.
The shady green trees on both sides of the spacious roads, combined with the clean and low skyline of the villa area, give one a sense of being in a paradise while strolling here.
宽绰道路两旁的绿树成荫、配上别墅区干净低伏的天际线,漫步在这里有一种世外桃源的既视感.
It's hard to imagine that there is such an international ecological villa area hidden in the heart of Pudong.
很难想象如此,浦东城芯还有藏着这样一个国际生态别墅区.
To sum up, whether it is the low-density talent or the top-notch quality of the Green Treasure Garden · Feifan, they are all rare collectibles in the Shanghai real estate market, capable of carrying the glory and legend of a family!
综上所述,无论是绿宝园·翡梵的低密天赋,还是塔尖级品质,都是上海楼市错过不再有的藏品,足以承载一个家族的荣耀和传奇!
Such a collectible residence is definitely worth having!
这样的藏品级住宅,值得拥有!
Green Treasure Garden was born in 1999.
绿宝园诞生于1999年.
Huibao Company, the developer, is the first listed developer from Indonesia. This is its first project developed in China. To this day, the commemorative plaque of the foundation stone in 1999 can still be seen in the foreign clubhouse.
开发商汇宝公司是来自印尼的第一家上市开发商,这是其在国内开发的第一个项目,至今还能在外籍会所里看到1999年的奠基纪念牌.
So far, the project has been developed in seven phases:
迄今项目已开发了七期:
绿宝园翡梵售楼处电话: 400-9939-964☎☎开发商已认证✅绿宝园翡梵官方电话: 400-9939-964✅︎✅︎✅
⭕绿宝园翡梵营销中心电话: 400-9939-964☎☎营销中心已认证
⭕ Green treasure garden Feifan Sales center tel: 400-9939-964☎☎ 24-hour reservation hotline
⭕绿宝园翡梵售楼中心电话: 400-9939-964☎☎24小时预约热线
The Zhoukang area on the outer ring road of Pudong
浦东外环周康板块
Detached villas with a construction area of approximately 700 to 848 square meters
建面约700-848㎡独栋别墅
The average price is approximately 123,300 yuan per square meter, with a total starting price of 66 million yuan
均价约12.33万/m² 总价6600万起
There are a total of 38 newly designed properties available for purchase
房源共38套 正在认购 全新设计
Online reservation at the sales office!
售楼处线上预约！
绿宝园翡梵售楼处电话: 400-9939-964☎☎开发商已认证✅绿宝园翡梵官方电话: 400-9939-964✅︎✅︎✅
⭕绿宝园翡梵营销中心电话: 400-9939-964☎☎营销中心已认证
⭕绿宝园翡梵售楼中心电话: 400-9939-964☎☎24小时预约热线
户 型 图
绿宝园·翡梵售楼处电话：400-9939-964✔✔│绿宝园·翡梵官方售楼处地址：上海绿宝园·翡梵官方电话400-993-9964...绿宝园·翡梵售楼处电话：400-9939-964✔✔│绿宝园·翡梵官方售楼处地址：上海绿宝园·翡梵官方电话400-993-9964...上海浦东的奢华秘境：绿宝园·翡梵.
I. Concepts Related to Real Estate
一、房地产相关概念
(1) Definition of Real Estate: Real estate is also known as immovable property. It refers to land, buildings, and the parts that are firmly attached to the land and buildings and cannot be separated.
(一) 房地产概念:房地产又称不动产,是指土地、建筑物及固着在土地、建筑物上不可分离的部分.
Among these, the parts that cannot be separated, such as trees and plumbing equipment, are included.
其中不可分离的部分,如树木、水暖设备等.
Real estate has three forms of existence:
房地产有三种存在形式:
1. Pure land;
1、 单纯的土地;
2. Simple buildings;
2、 单纯的建筑物;
3. Properties combining land and buildings;
3、 土地与建筑物结合的房产;
(2) Classification of the real estate market: Based on the characteristics of the development, sales and consumption processes of real estate, the real estate market can be divided into:
(二) 房地产市场的分类:根据房地产开发,销售与消费过程特点,可以将房地产市场分为:
1. Primary market (land market)
1、 一级市场(土地市场);
2. Secondary market (market for newly built real estate)
2、 二级市场(房地产增量房市场);
3. The secondary market (the real estate resale market)
3、 三级市场(房地产存量房市场);
(III) Land and Land Ownership:
(三) 土地及土地所有权:
1. The concept of land: Generally refers to the ground, the space below the ground and within a certain range above the ground.
1、 土地的概念:一般是指地面、地面以下和地面以上一定范围的空间.
In real life, land is artificially divided and represents a specific area with a defined size.
现实生活中的土地是人为划分的,具有特定面积范围的地域.
2. Public ownership of land: According to the constitution, land ownership is divided into ownership by the entire people (state-owned land) and collective land ownership. Collective land can only be transferred after it is converted into state-owned land, and individuals and units only have the right to use the land.
2、 土地公有制:根据宪法规定,土地所有权分全民所有(国有土地)与集体土地所有权,集体转为国有才能转让,个人和单位只拥有土地的使用权;
3. During the validity period, the land use rights can be leased, transferred or mortgaged.
3、 土地使用权在期限内可以出租、转让、抵押.
(4) Methods for obtaining land use rights:
(四) 土地使用权获取方式:
1. Transfer of Land Use Rights:
1、 土地使用权出让:
It refers to the act where the state grants the right to use state-owned land to the land user for a certain period of time, and the land user pays the land use right transfer fee to the state.
指国家将国有土地使用权在一定年限内出让给土地使用者,由土地使用者向国家支付土地使用权出让金的行为;
The transfer of land use rights can be carried out through three methods: bidding, auction, and negotiation between the parties.
土地使用权出让采用招标、拍卖、双方协议三种方式;
For the six types of land (commercial, entertainment, tourism, finance, service industry, and commercial housing), the methods of bidding and auction are adopted;
六类用地(商业、娱乐、旅游、金融、服务业、商品房)采用招标、拍卖的方式;
for old city renovation, the method of negotiation between the parties is used.
旧城改造采用双方协议的方式；
The term of land use rights for state-owned land: 40 years for commercial, tourism and entertainment land;
国有土地使用权出让年限：商业、旅游、娱乐用地40年;
50 years for industrial land, science and education land, culture and sports land, health and sports land, comprehensive or other land;
工业用地、科教、文体、卫生、体育用地、综合或其他用地50年;
70 years for housing land;
住房用地70年;
The term of land use rights for real estate has a direct impact on its value.
房地产的使用权年限对价值有直接影响.
2. Allocation of Land Use Rights:
2、 土地使用权划拨:
It refers to the act where the people's government at or above the county level, in accordance with the law, approves the transfer of the land to the land user after the land user has paid the compensation and resettlement fees, or delivers the land use right to the land user free of charge for use.
指县级以上人民政府依法批准,在土地使用者缴纳补偿、安置等费用后将该幅土地交付其使用,或者将土地使用权无偿交付给土地使用者使用的行为;
If the land use right is obtained through allocation, except as otherwise stipulated by laws and administrative regulations, there is no limit on the duration of use.
以划拨方式取得土地使用权的,除法律、行政法规另有规定外,没有使用期限的限制;
The following land use rights for construction sites are, in fact, indispensable and can be legally approved for allocation by the governments at or above the county level: land for national institutions and military purposes;
下列建设用地的土地使用权,确属必须的,可由县级以上人民政府依法批准划拨: 国家机关用地和军事用地;
Urban infrastructure land and public welfare land;
城市基础设施用地和公益事业用地;
Land for key projects supported by the state, such as energy, transportation, and water conservancy;
国家重点扶持的能源、交通、水利等项目用地;
Other land as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations;
法律、行政法规规定的其他用地;
(5) Architectural Concept
(五) 建筑概念
1. Architecture: The general term for buildings and structures;
1、 建筑:建筑物和构筑物的总称;
2. Narrowly-defined buildings: Refers to various types of houses, structures such as trees, elevators, plumbing equipment, etc.
2、 狭义建筑物:指各类房屋,构筑物如树木、电梯、水暖设备等;
3. Standards for qualified buildings: Practical, economical, and aesthetically pleasing;
3、 合格建筑物的标准:适用、经济、美观;
Applicable features: Safe, waterproof, soundproof, heat insulation and cold insulation, light transmission, fully functional, reasonable space layout.
适用:安全、防水、隔声、保温隔热、采光、功能齐全、空间格局合理;
Economy: Reasonable purchase price, low maintenance costs, low energy consumption for heating and air conditioning.
经济:购置价格合理、维修保养、采暖、空调能耗不高;
Aesthetics: Architectural design, color appeal, harmony with the environment;
美观:建筑造型、色彩美感、与环境协调;
(6) Property Concept
(六) 物业概念
1. Property: In a broad sense, property refers to real estate. In a narrow sense, property includes various types of buildings and their attached equipment, facilities, and related sites.
1、 物业:广义的物业就是房地产,狭义的物业,包括各类房屋及其附属的设备、设施和相关场地;
Various types of buildings: They can be building complexes, such as residential communities, or a single residence;
各类房屋:可以是建筑群,如住宅小区,也可以是一幢住宅;
附属 equipment, facilities and related sites: Refers to various indoor and outdoor facilities, municipal public facilities, road traffic, etc. that are compatible with the aforementioned buildings
附属的设备、设施和相关场地:是指与上述建筑物相配套的室内外各类设施、市政公用设施、道路交通等;
II. House Construction Basics
二、房屋建筑常识
1. Floor Area Ratio:
1、 容积率:
The ratio of the total building area to the total land area is a technical and economic indicator that reflects the degree of land utilization, the intensity of use, and the economic efficiency.
总建筑面积与总用地面积的比值, 反映土地利用程度、使用强度及其经济性的技术经济指标;
Floor area ratio = Total building area ÷ Land area;
容积率=建筑总面积÷用地面积;
Generally speaking: Ordinary residences ≥ 1.0;
一般来讲:普通住宅≥1.0;
Non-ordinary residences < 1.0;
非普通住宅＜1.0;
2. Building Density:
2、 建筑密度:
The proportion of the total area of all building plots within the project site to the total site area.
项目用地范围内各种建筑用地面积总和占总用地面积的比例.
It can also be calculated as the total area of building footprints ÷ total site area, reflecting the vacant land ratio within the building area and the density of buildings.
也可以建筑物基底总面积÷总用地面积,反映建筑用地范围内的空地率和建筑物的密集程度;
3. Greening Rate:
3、 绿化率:
It refers to the ratio of the total area of green space within the project planning land to the total planned construction land area.
指项目规划用地范围内绿化用地总面积占规划建设用地面积的比例;
4. Green Space Ratio:
4、 绿地率:
It describes the ratio of the total area of all green spaces within the residential area to the area of the residential area itself.
描述的是居住区用地范围内各类绿地的总和与居住区用地的比率;
5. Floor Height:
5、 层高:
The height of a residence is measured in "floors", which refers to the distance between the floor surface or floor slab of the lower level and the upper floor level.
住宅高度以“层”为单位计算,是指下层地板面或楼板面到上层楼层面之间的距离.
6. Net height:
6、 净高:
It refers to the distance between the lower floor surface or the upper floor slab surface and the lower surface of the upper floor slab.
指下层地板面或楼板上表面到上层楼板下表面之间的距离.
Net height = Floor height - Floor thickness;
净高=层高-楼板厚度;
7. Depth:
7、 进深:
Refers to the length of a residence, which is the actual length between the front wall and the back wall of an independent house or a residential building. To ensure that residences have good natural lighting and ventilation conditions, currently in many urban residential buildings in China, the depth of the rooms is generally limited to around 5 meters and cannot be arbitrarily expanded.
指住宅的长度,指一间独立的房屋或一幢居住建筑从前墙皮到后墙皮之间的实际长度,为了保证住宅具有良好的自然采光和通风条件,目前我国大量城镇住宅房间的进深一般都限定在5米左右,不能任意扩大.
If the depth of a residence is too large, the interior space far from the doors and windows will have insufficient natural light.
住宅进深过大,就是住宅成为狭长型,距离门窗较远的室内空间自然光线不足,但进深大的住宅可以有效的节约用地;
However, residences with a large depth can effectively save land.
8. Width:
8、 开间:
Refers to the width of a residence, which is the actual distance between one wall surface and another within a single room of a house. The opening width in residential design has strict regulations;
指住宅的宽度,指一间房屋内一面墙皮之间到另一面墙皮之间的实际距离,住宅的开间在住宅设计上有严格的规定;
a smaller opening width can shorten the inter-floor span of the floor slab, enhancing the overall integrity, stability and seismic resistance of the residential structure.
较小的开间范围,可缩短楼板的层间跨度,增强住宅结构的整体性、稳定性和抗震性;
9. Building Area:
9、 建筑面积:
It refers to the horizontal area enclosed by the outer walls of a building.
指建筑物外墙外围所围成空间的水平面积.
It includes the usable living area of the house, the area occupied by walls and columns, the area of stairways and corridors, and other shared areas.
包含了房屋居住可用的实用面积、墙体柱体占地面积、楼梯走道面积、其它公摊面积等;
10. Common Area:
10、公摊面积:
It refers to the total area of the building's stairs, elevator shafts, exterior walls, public lobbies, corridors, equipment rooms, the first-floor lobby, and some other supporting facilities within the community.
指建筑物的楼梯、电梯井、外墙、公共门厅、走道、设备间、首层大堂及小区内其它一些配套设施的面积总和;
11. Usage Area:
11、使用面积:
It is the net usable area for residents' daily life after deducting the shared area and the area occupied by walls and columns from the total building area. It is commonly known as the floor area.
它是建筑面积扣除公摊面积、及墙体柱体所占用的面积后的直接供住户生活的净使用面积,俗称地砖面积;
12. Floor Area:
12、占地面积:
The area occupied by the building foundation and its functions is also known as the red line area.
建筑物基底及其功能需要占用的面积,也叫红线面积;
13. The net building area = Net usable area + Net wall area + Balcony area (Terrace area is calculated as half the area).
13、套内建筑面积=套内使用面积+套内墙体面积+阳台建筑面积(露台面积按半面积计算);
14. Building area = Net building area + Shared area;
14、建筑面积=套内建筑面积+公摊面积;
15. Sales area = Net building area + Shared public building area;
15、销售面积=套内建筑面积+公摊的公用建筑面积;
Commercial housing is sold by "unit" or "block".
商品房按“套”或“单元”出售;
16. Common area floor area = Total building area - Internal area of each unit - Unallocated area that should not be shared;
16、公用建筑面积=整幢建筑面积-套内建筑面积和-不应分摊的建筑面积;
17. The shared public building area = the net building area of the unit × the shared building area allocation coefficient;
17、公摊的公用建筑面积=套内建筑面积×公用建筑面积分摊系数;
18. Common area allocation coefficient: Common area area ÷ Sum of interior area of each unit;
18、公用建筑面积分摊系数:公用建筑面积÷套内建筑面积之和;
19. The shared common area floor space includes: lobby, public hall, corridors, passageways, communal toilets, elevator lobby, stairwells, elevator shafts, elevator machine rooms, garbage chutes, pipe shafts, fire control rooms, fire escape routes, pump rooms, water tank rooms, refrigeration machine rooms, power distribution rooms, gas pressure regulating rooms, air conditioning rooms, elevator maintenance rooms, duty guard rooms, satellite receiving rooms, etc.
19、分摊的公用建筑面积包括:大堂、公共大厅、走廊、过道、共厕、电梯前厅、楼梯间、电梯井、电梯机房、垃圾道、管道井、消防控制室、消防通道、水泵房、水箱间、冷冻机房、配电室、煤气调压室、空调房、电梯工休息室、值班警卫室、卫星接收机房等;
20. Unrecorded shared area: warehouses, garages, driveways, heating boiler rooms, civil defense basements, property management offices, self-operated and self-used houses of the selling unit, guard rooms serving multiple buildings.
20、不记入的公摊面积:仓库、车库、车道、供暖锅炉房、人防地下室、物管用房、售房单位自营、自用房屋、多幢房屋服务的警卫室;
21. Utilization rate = Gross floor area of the unit ÷ Total floor area of the residence;
21、实用率=套内建筑面积÷住宅建筑面积;
22. Utilization rate = usable area / residential area. Generally, for high-rise buildings, it ranges from 72% to 75%, while for apartment buildings, it is between 78% and 80%;
22、使用率=使用面积÷住宅面积,一般高层塔楼在72%至75%之间,板楼在78%至80%之间;
it is less than the utilization rate.
小于实用率;
23. Basement:
23、地下室:
It means that the height of the room floor below the outdoor ground level exceeds half of the room's net height.
指房间地面低于室外地平面的高度超过该房间净高的1／2;
24. Partial Basement:
24、半地下室:
It means that the height of the room floor below the outdoor ground level exceeds one third of the room's net height, but does not exceed one half.
指房间地面低于室外地平面的高度超过该房间净高的1／3,且不超过1／2;
25. Balcony:
25、阳台:
A space for residents to carry out outdoor activities / dry clothes, etc.
供居住者进行室外活动/晾晒衣物等的空间;
26. Platform:
26、平台:
The upper roof surface or the part extending outdoors from the ground floor of the residence, which is used for outdoor activities by the occupants;
供居住者进行室外活动的上屋面或由住宅底层地面伸出室外的部分;
27. Standard Floor:
27、标准层:
Refers to the residential floors with the same floor plan;
指平面布置相同的住宅楼层;
28. Middle Layer:
28、中间层:
The floor between the ground floor and the top residential entrance floor.
底层和最高住户入口层之间的中间楼层.
III. Real Estate Industry Terminology:
三、房地产行业术语:
(1) Indoor Facilities:
（一）室内设施:
Four types of energy: heating, gas, water heater, air conditioner.
1、 四气:暖气、煤气、热水器、空调;
2. Complete set: Household appliances (TV, refrigerator, washing machine) and furniture (bed, wardrobe, sofa, TV stand, full-size cabinet);
2、 全齐:家电(电视、冰箱、洗衣机)和家具(床、衣柜、沙发、电视柜、整体橱柜);
(2) Classification of Renovation:
(二)装修分类:
1. Mao Pi: Cement floor, cement wall;
1、 毛 坯:水泥地、水泥墙;
2. Interior decoration: Ceramic tiles, white walls;
2、 简 装 修:地砖、白墙;
3. Decoration: Ceramic tiles, wooden floors;
3、 中 装 修:大地砖、木地板;
4. Decoration: Wooden flooring, door and window casings;
4、 精 装 修:木地板、包门、包窗;
5. Luxurious decoration: The interior is modern and the materials are of high quality.
5、 豪华装修:装修前卫、用料讲究;
(3) Floor Plan and Area:
(三)户型及面积:
1. One-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 30 - 50 square meters;
1、 一居室:公房面积:30-50平米;
Commercial housing area: 40 - 60 square meters;
商品房面积:40-60平米;
2. Two-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 50 - 70 square meters;
2、 二居室:公房面积:50-70平米;
Commercial housing area: 70 - 100 square meters;
商品房面积:70-100平米;
3. Three-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 60 - 90 square meters;
3、 三居室:公房面积:60-90平米;
Commercial housing area: 110 - 150 square meters;
商品房面积:110-150平米;
4. Multi-level: A house design where the floor levels jump from one to another, such as 1st floor to 2nd floor, 3rd floor to 4th floor, etc.
4、 越层:房屋使用层跳跃的房型,如一越二,三越四等;
5. Staircase-type layout: A floor-plan design where the floors in the house are unevenly distributed.
5、 错层:房屋内地面错落的房型;
(4) Floor and Orientation:
(四) 楼层及朝向:
1. Floor description: The multi-story building has 6 floors, and the floor where the house is located is the 3rd floor, which is abbreviated as 3/6.
1、 楼层描述,多层楼房为6层,房屋所在层3层,简写3/6;
Pros and Cons:
优劣:
In buildings, there is a saying about the optimal floor numbers: "Gold for the third floor, silver for the fourth floor", meaning the third floor is the best and the fourth floor is the second best.
楼房中多层楼有“金三银四”的说法,即六层楼三层最佳,四层次之;
The prices of the higher floors in high-rise buildings are also higher, except for the top floors in second-hand houses.
高层楼中楼层较高的价位也较高,但二手房中顶楼除外;
2. Orientation (based on the direction corresponding to the main bedroom window): The orientation of multi-story buildings is mostly north-south or east-west.
2、 朝向(以主卧室窗户所对应的方向为准)多层楼朝向多为南北正向或东西侧向;
The orientation of high-rise buildings is similar to that of multi-story buildings.
高层板楼与多层楼的朝向相似;
The high-rise towers are mostly square-shaped, and their orientations are mostly southeast, southwest, northeast, northwest, and various oblique directions.
高层塔楼多为四角,其朝向多为东南、西南、东北、西北及各种斜向;
IV. Characteristics of Real Estate:
四、房地产特性:
(1) Immobility;
(一) 不可移动性;
(2) Uniqueness;
(二) 独一无二性;
(3) Longevity and durability;
(三) 寿命长久性;
(4) Limited Quantity;
(四) 数量有限性;
(5) Diversity of Uses;
(五) 用途多样性;
(6) Mutual Influence;
(六) 相互影响性;
(7) Subject to significant influence from policies and the market;
(七) 受政策\市场影响大;
(8) High value;
(八) 标的高;
(9) Slow cash flow;
(九) 变现慢;
(10) Preservation and Appreciation of Value;
(十)保值增值性;
V. House Classification and Detailed Explanation:
五、房屋分类及详解:
(1) Classified by the number of floors in the residence:
(一) 按住宅层数划分:
1. Lower floors: The number of floors is 1 to 3.
1、 低层:层数为1-3层;
2. Multi-layer: The number of layers is 4 to 6.
2、 多层:层数为4-6层;
3. Middle and Upper Floors: The building has 7 to 9 floors.
3、 中高层:层数为7-9层;
4. High-rise: Above 10 floors;
4、 高层:10层以上;
(2) Classified by usage nature:
(二) 按使用性质划分:
1. Productive buildings;
1、 生产性建筑;
factories, workshops, etc.
厂房、车间等；
2. Non-productive buildings
2、 非生产性建筑;
Residential buildings: such as houses, etc.
居住建筑:如住宅等;
Public buildings: such as offices, cultural and sports facilities, transportation facilities, etc.
公共建筑:如办公、文体、交通等;
(III) Classification by Structural Type:
(三) 按结构类型划分:
1. Brick-concrete structure: In this type of building, the vertical load-bearing components are made of brick walls or brick columns, while the horizontal load-bearing components are composed of reinforced concrete floor slabs and roof slabs.
1、 砖混结构:这类建筑物的竖向承重构件采用砖墙或砖柱，水平承重构件采用钢筋混凝土楼板、屋顶板。
This structure has small rooms and a low number of floors, and is generally used in multi-story buildings.
这种结构房间小、层数低，一般用于多层建筑中；
2. Frame Structure: This type of structure's load-bearing components are formed by beams, slabs and columns made of reinforced concrete or steel, and can be used for high-rise buildings.
2、 框架结构:这种结构的承重部分是由钢筋混凝土或钢材制作的梁、板、柱形成的骨架，可用于小高层建筑;
3. Reinforced concrete shear wall structure;
3、 钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构;
The vertical load-bearing components and horizontal load-bearing components of this type of building are all made of reinforced concrete, and it is commonly used in high-rise buildings.
这类建筑物的竖向承重构件和水平承重构件均采用钢筋混凝土制作，多用于高层建筑
4. Spatial structure: Includes: grid structure, truss structure, shell structure, etc.
4、 空间结构:包括:县索结构、网架结构、壳体结构等。
Examples include stadiums and grand theaters.
如体育馆、大剧院等；
(4) Classified by building materials:
(四) 按建筑材料划分:
1. Brick-concrete: Red bricks and cement;
1、 砖混:红砖与水泥;
The main load-bearing components are constructed using bricks and concrete.
承重的主要构件是用砖和混凝土建造的;
2. Steel and concrete: Cast, the most sturdy;
2、 钢混:浇注、最为结实;
The main load-bearing components are constructed with steel and reinforced concrete.
承重的主要构件是用钢、钢筋混凝土建造的;
3. Prefabricated slabs: Prefabricated concrete slabs and reinforcing bars;
3、 预制板:预制的混凝土板与钢筋;
The main load-bearing components are constructed with reinforced concrete.
承重的主要构件是用钢筋混凝土建造的.
This includes buildings with thin-shell structures, large formwork cast-in-place structures, and reinforced concrete structures constructed using sliding forms or lift-up slabs.
包括薄壳结构、大模板现浇结构及使用滑模、升板等建造的钢筋混凝土结构的建筑物;
(5) Classified by the appearance of the building type:
(五) 按楼型外观划分:
1. Office building:
1、 板楼:
It refers to a type of residential building composed of multiple residential units, each of which has stairs or both stairs and elevators;
是指由多个住宅单元组合而成,每单元均设有楼梯或楼梯、电梯皆有的住宅;
each unit has its own separate stairs and elevators.
每个单元用自己单独的楼梯、电梯;
The basic forms of high-rise buildings: Multi-storey: below 6 floors;
板楼基本形式:多 层:６层以下;
Mid-rise: within 7-12 floors;
小高层:7-12层以内;
High-rise: 13-18 floors;
高层:13-18层;
Super high-rise: above 18 floors and even higher.
超高层:18层以上甚至更高;
2. Tower:
2、 塔楼:
It mainly refers to high-rise residential buildings where multiple housing units are arranged around a common staircase or elevator.
主要是指以共用楼梯、电梯为核心布置多套住房的高层住宅.
In simple terms, the tower is centered around the elevator and staircase, and after reaching the floor, one can directly enter the apartment by walking in any direction.
通俗地说,塔楼以电梯、楼梯为布局核心,上到楼层之后,向四面走可以直接进入户内;
The basic forms of the towers: butterfly type, pyramid type, Z-shaped type, tower plate combination, cross type, square tower.
塔楼基本形式:蝶型、品字型、Z字型、塔板结合、十字型、方形塔楼;
Addendum: Apartment buildings: The bathrooms and kitchens are shared collectively.
补充：筒子楼:卫生间、厨房都集体公用；
Office building: for office use;
写字楼:办公使用;
(6) Classified by house layout:
(六) 按房屋户型划分:
1. One-bedroom apartment;
1、 一居室;
One-bedroom room
一卧室;
2. Two-bedroom apartment;
2、 二居室;
Two bedrooms
二卧室;
3. Three-bedroom apartment;
3、 三居室;
Three bedrooms
三卧室;
4. Multiple bedrooms;
4、 多居室;
Multiple rooms
多卧室;
5. Misalignment: This refers to a situation where a house is not on the same level, meaning that the living room, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, and balcony within the house are located on several different levels of elevation.
5、 错 层:主要指的是一套房子不处于同一平面，即房内的厅、卧、卫、厨、阳台处于几个高度不同的平面上。
6. Split-level: A split-level house consists of two floors, with an internal staircase connecting the upper and lower levels.
6、 跃 层:跃层住宅是一套住宅占两个楼层,有内部楼梯联系上下层;
Usually, the living room, kitchen, dining room, and bathroom are located on the first floor, and at least one bedroom is also provided.
一般在首层安排起居室、厨房、餐厅、卫生间,最好有一间卧室,二层安排卧室、书房和卫生间等。
On the second floor, there are bedrooms, study rooms, and bathrooms, etc.
7. Duplex: In terms of concept, a duplex residence is considered as one floor, but it has a higher floor height than a regular house. Partially, a mezzanine can be excavated to accommodate bedrooms or study areas, and these areas are connected by stairs.
7、 复 式:复式住宅在概念上是一层，但层高较普通的住宅高，可在局部掏出夹层，安排卧室或书房等内容，用楼梯联系上下。
The purpose is to increase the utilization rate of the residential space.
其目的是提高住宅空间利用率。
(7) Classified by property rights nature:
(七) 按产权性质划分:
1. Commercial housing: Refers to the houses constructed by various real estate development companies for profit purposes and operated in accordance with market rules.
1、 商品房：指各房地产开发公司投资兴建的，以赢利为目的，按市场规律经营的房子；
Classification:
分类：
(1) Ordinary residence:
(1) 普通住宅:
Floor area ratio of 1.0 (inclusive) or above;
容积率1.0(含1.0)以上;
The building area is less than 140 square meters.
建筑面积在140平方米以下;
The transaction price is less than 1.2 times the average transaction price of similar-level land-based housing.
成交价低于同级别土地住房平均交易价格1.2倍以下;
(2) Non-residential properties:
(2) 非普通住宅:
Building A;
甲宅;
24-hour elevators, security services, and the property management fee is relatively high.
24小时电梯、保安，物业费较高；
Apartment;
公寓;
Commercial housing, 24-hour elevators, security guards, 24-hour hot water supply from pipelines;
商品房、24小时电梯、保安、24小时管道热水；
Villa: (Single-family, row house, duplex, terraced house) Generally located in more remote areas.
别墅:(独栋、联排、双拼、叠拼)一般较为偏远;
(3) Sales qualifications for commercial housing: The sale of commercial housing requires the possession of the following five certificates: The "State-owned Land Use Certificate", "Construction Land Planning Permit", "Construction Engineering Planning Permit", "Construction Engineering Construction Permit", and "Commercial Housing Pre-sale Permit".
(3) 商品房销售资质:商品房销售须具备以下五证：《国有土地使用证》、《建设用地规划可证》、《建设工程规划许可证》、《建筑工程施工许可证》、《商品房预销售许可证》；
2. Purchased Public Housing:
2、 已购公房:
Ordinary Public Housing: Refers to the public housing originally owned by the unit but purchased by the unit's employees at cost price, standard price or discounted price in accordance with the relevant housing sale policies of the state.
普通公房: 指按照国家房改有关售房政策,单位职工按成本价、标准价或优惠价购买的原产权属于单位的公有住房.
These are the housing projects built by the unit and the housing constructed through collective fundraising and cooperative construction that were purchased by the employees at cost price or standard price in accordance with national policies.
职工根据国家政策,按成本价或标准价购买的由单位建设的安居工程和集资合作建设的住房;
State-owned housing: Refers to the public housing that was purchased by employees of units in accordance with the relevant housing reform policies of the state. These were originally owned by central government units in Beijing, large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, and the administrative organs of various ministries and commissions of the State Council.
央产房: 指按照国家房改有关售房政策,单位职工按成本价、标准价或优惠价购买的原产权属于中央在京单位,国有大中型企业及国务院各部委机关的公有住房.
Employees follow the national policies.
职工根据国家政策
I. Concepts Related to Real Estate
一、房地产相关概念
(1) Definition of Real Estate: Real estate is also known as immovable property. It refers to land, buildings, and the parts that are firmly attached to the land and buildings and cannot be separated.
(一) 房地产概念:房地产又称不动产,是指土地、建筑物及固着在土地、建筑物上不可分离的部分.
Among these, the parts that cannot be separated, such as trees and plumbing equipment, are included.
其中不可分离的部分,如树木、水暖设备等.
Real estate has three forms of existence:
房地产有三种存在形式:
1. Pure land;
1、 单纯的土地;
2. Simple buildings;
2、 单纯的建筑物;
3. Properties combining land and buildings;
3、 土地与建筑物结合的房产;
(2) Classification of the real estate market: Based on the characteristics of the development, sales and consumption processes of real estate, the real estate market can be divided into:
(二) 房地产市场的分类:根据房地产开发,销售与消费过程特点,可以将房地产市场分为:
1. Primary market (land market)
1、 一级市场(土地市场);
2. Secondary market (market for newly built real estate)
2、 二级市场(房地产增量房市场);
3. The secondary market (the real estate resale market)
3、 三级市场(房地产存量房市场);
(III) Land and Land Ownership:
(三) 土地及土地所有权:
1. The concept of land: Generally refers to the ground, the space below the ground and within a certain range above the ground.
1、 土地的概念:一般是指地面、地面以下和地面以上一定范围的空间.
In real life, land is artificially divided and represents a specific area with a defined size.
现实生活中的土地是人为划分的,具有特定面积范围的地域.
2. Public ownership of land: According to the constitution, land ownership is divided into ownership by the entire people (state-owned land) and collective land ownership. Collective land can only be transferred after it is converted into state-owned land, and individuals and units only have the right to use the land.
2、 土地公有制:根据宪法规定,土地所有权分全民所有(国有土地)与集体土地所有权,集体转为国有才能转让,个人和单位只拥有土地的使用权;
3. During the validity period, the land use rights can be leased, transferred or mortgaged.
3、 土地使用权在期限内可以出租、转让、抵押.
(4) Methods for obtaining land use rights:
(四) 土地使用权获取方式:
1. Transfer of Land Use Rights:
1、 土地使用权出让:
It refers to the act where the state grants the right to use state-owned land to the land user for a certain period of time, and the land user pays the land use right transfer fee to the state.
指国家将国有土地使用权在一定年限内出让给土地使用者,由土地使用者向国家支付土地使用权出让金的行为;
The transfer of land use rights can be carried out through three methods: bidding, auction, and negotiation between the parties.
土地使用权出让采用招标、拍卖、双方协议三种方式;
For the six types of land (commercial, entertainment, tourism, finance, service industry, and commercial housing), the methods of bidding and auction are adopted;
六类用地(商业、娱乐、旅游、金融、服务业、商品房)采用招标、拍卖的方式;
for old city renovation, the method of negotiation between the parties is used.
旧城改造采用双方协议的方式；
The term of land use rights for state-owned land: 40 years for commercial, tourism and entertainment land;
国有土地使用权出让年限：商业、旅游、娱乐用地40年;
50 years for industrial land, science and education land, culture and sports land, health and sports land, comprehensive or other land;
工业用地、科教、文体、卫生、体育用地、综合或其他用地50年;
70 years for housing land;
住房用地70年;
The term of land use rights for real estate has a direct impact on its value.
房地产的使用权年限对价值有直接影响.
2. Allocation of Land Use Rights:
2、 土地使用权划拨:
It refers to the act where the people's government at or above the county level, in accordance with the law, approves the transfer of the land to the land user after the land user has paid the compensation and resettlement fees, or delivers the land use right to the land user free of charge for use.
指县级以上人民政府依法批准,在土地使用者缴纳补偿、安置等费用后将该幅土地交付其使用,或者将土地使用权无偿交付给土地使用者使用的行为;
If the land use right is obtained through allocation, except as otherwise stipulated by laws and administrative regulations, there is no limit on the duration of use.
以划拨方式取得土地使用权的,除法律、行政法规另有规定外,没有使用期限的限制;
The following land use rights for construction sites are, in fact, indispensable and can be legally approved for allocation by the governments at or above the county level: land for national institutions and military purposes;
下列建设用地的土地使用权,确属必须的,可由县级以上人民政府依法批准划拨: 国家机关用地和军事用地;
Urban infrastructure land and public welfare land;
城市基础设施用地和公益事业用地;
Land for key projects supported by the state, such as energy, transportation, and water conservancy;
国家重点扶持的能源、交通、水利等项目用地;
Other land as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations;
法律、行政法规规定的其他用地;
(5) Architectural Concept
(五) 建筑概念
1. Architecture: The general term for buildings and structures;
1、 建筑:建筑物和构筑物的总称;
2. Narrowly-defined buildings: Refers to various types of houses, structures such as trees, elevators, plumbing equipment, etc.
2、 狭义建筑物:指各类房屋,构筑物如树木、电梯、水暖设备等;
3. Standards for qualified buildings: Practical, economical, and aesthetically pleasing;
3、 合格建筑物的标准:适用、经济、美观;
Applicable features: Safe, waterproof, soundproof, heat insulation and cold insulation, light transmission, fully functional, reasonable space layout.
适用:安全、防水、隔声、保温隔热、采光、功能齐全、空间格局合理;
Economy: Reasonable purchase price, low maintenance costs, low energy consumption for heating and air conditioning.
经济:购置价格合理、维修保养、采暖、空调能耗不高;
Aesthetics: Architectural design, color appeal, harmony with the environment;
美观:建筑造型、色彩美感、与环境协调;
(6) Property Concept
(六) 物业概念
1. Property: In a broad sense, property refers to real estate. In a narrow sense, property includes various types of buildings and their attached equipment, facilities, and related sites.
1、 物业:广义的物业就是房地产,狭义的物业,包括各类房屋及其附属的设备、设施和相关场地;
Various types of buildings: They can be building complexes, such as residential communities, or a single residence;
各类房屋:可以是建筑群,如住宅小区,也可以是一幢住宅;
附属 equipment, facilities and related sites: Refers to various indoor and outdoor facilities, municipal public facilities, road traffic, etc. that are compatible with the aforementioned buildings
附属的设备、设施和相关场地:是指与上述建筑物相配套的室内外各类设施、市政公用设施、道路交通等;
II. House Construction Basics
二、房屋建筑常识
1. Floor Area Ratio:
1、 容积率:
The ratio of the total building area to the total land area is a technical and economic indicator that reflects the degree of land utilization, the intensity of use, and the economic efficiency.
总建筑面积与总用地面积的比值, 反映土地利用程度、使用强度及其经济性的技术经济指标;
Floor area ratio = Total building area ÷ Land area;
容积率=建筑总面积÷用地面积;
Generally speaking: Ordinary residences ≥ 1.0;
一般来讲:普通住宅≥1.0;
Non-ordinary residences < 1.0;
非普通住宅＜1.0;
2. Building Density:
2、 建筑密度:
The proportion of the total area of all building plots within the project site to the total site area.
项目用地范围内各种建筑用地面积总和占总用地面积的比例.
It can also be calculated as the total area of building footprints ÷ total site area, reflecting the vacant land ratio within the building area and the density of buildings.
也可以建筑物基底总面积÷总用地面积,反映建筑用地范围内的空地率和建筑物的密集程度;
3. Greening Rate:
3、 绿化率:
It refers to the ratio of the total area of green space within the project planning land to the total planned construction land area.
指项目规划用地范围内绿化用地总面积占规划建设用地面积的比例;
4. Green Space Ratio:
4、 绿地率:
It describes the ratio of the total area of all green spaces within the residential area to the area of the residential area itself.
描述的是居住区用地范围内各类绿地的总和与居住区用地的比率;
5. Floor Height:
5、 层高:
The height of a residence is measured in "floors", which refers to the distance between the floor surface or floor slab of the lower level and the upper floor level.
住宅高度以“层”为单位计算,是指下层地板面或楼板面到上层楼层面之间的距离.
6. Net height:
6、 净高:
It refers to the distance between the lower floor surface or the upper floor slab surface and the lower surface of the upper floor slab.
指下层地板面或楼板上表面到上层楼板下表面之间的距离.
Net height = Floor height - Floor thickness;
净高=层高-楼板厚度;
7. Depth:
7、 进深:
Refers to the length of a residence, which is the actual length between the front wall and the back wall of an independent house or a residential building. To ensure that residences have good natural lighting and ventilation conditions, currently in many urban residential buildings in China, the depth of the rooms is generally limited to around 5 meters and cannot be arbitrarily expanded.
指住宅的长度,指一间独立的房屋或一幢居住建筑从前墙皮到后墙皮之间的实际长度,为了保证住宅具有良好的自然采光和通风条件,目前我国大量城镇住宅房间的进深一般都限定在5米左右,不能任意扩大.
If the depth of a residence is too large, the interior space far from the doors and windows will have insufficient natural light.
住宅进深过大,就是住宅成为狭长型,距离门窗较远的室内空间自然光线不足,但进深大的住宅可以有效的节约用地;
However, residences with a large depth can effectively save land.
8. Width:
8、 开间:
Refers to the width of a residence, which is the actual distance between one wall surface and another within a single room of a house. The opening width in residential design has strict regulations;
指住宅的宽度,指一间房屋内一面墙皮之间到另一面墙皮之间的实际距离,住宅的开间在住宅设计上有严格的规定;
a smaller opening width can shorten the inter-floor span of the floor slab, enhancing the overall integrity, stability and seismic resistance of the residential structure.
较小的开间范围,可缩短楼板的层间跨度,增强住宅结构的整体性、稳定性和抗震性;
9. Building Area:
9、 建筑面积:
It refers to the horizontal area enclosed by the outer walls of a building.
指建筑物外墙外围所围成空间的水平面积.
It includes the usable living area of the house, the area occupied by walls and columns, the area of stairways and corridors, and other shared areas.
包含了房屋居住可用的实用面积、墙体柱体占地面积、楼梯走道面积、其它公摊面积等;
10. Common Area:
10、公摊面积:
It refers to the total area of the building's stairs, elevator shafts, exterior walls, public lobbies, corridors, equipment rooms, the first-floor lobby, and some other supporting facilities within the community.
指建筑物的楼梯、电梯井、外墙、公共门厅、走道、设备间、首层大堂及小区内其它一些配套设施的面积总和;
11. Usage Area:
11、使用面积:
It is the net usable area for residents' daily life after deducting the shared area and the area occupied by walls and columns from the total building area. It is commonly known as the floor area.
它是建筑面积扣除公摊面积、及墙体柱体所占用的面积后的直接供住户生活的净使用面积,俗称地砖面积;
12. Floor Area:
12、占地面积:
The area occupied by the building foundation and its functions is also known as the red line area.
建筑物基底及其功能需要占用的面积,也叫红线面积;
13. The net building area = Net usable area + Net wall area + Balcony area (Terrace area is calculated as half the area).
13、套内建筑面积=套内使用面积+套内墙体面积+阳台建筑面积(露台面积按半面积计算);
14. Building area = Net building area + Shared area;
14、建筑面积=套内建筑面积+公摊面积;
15. Sales area = Net building area + Shared public building area;
15、销售面积=套内建筑面积+公摊的公用建筑面积;
Commercial housing is sold by "unit" or "block".
商品房按“套”或“单元”出售;
16. Common area floor area = Total building area - Internal area of each unit - Unallocated area that should not be shared;
16、公用建筑面积=整幢建筑面积-套内建筑面积和-不应分摊的建筑面积;
17. The shared public building area = the net building area of the unit × the shared building area allocation coefficient;
17、公摊的公用建筑面积=套内建筑面积×公用建筑面积分摊系数;
18. Common area allocation coefficient: Common area area ÷ Sum of interior area of each unit;
18、公用建筑面积分摊系数:公用建筑面积÷套内建筑面积之和;
19. The shared common area floor space includes: lobby, public hall, corridors, passageways, communal toilets, elevator lobby, stairwells, elevator shafts, elevator machine rooms, garbage chutes, pipe shafts, fire control rooms, fire escape routes, pump rooms, water tank rooms, refrigeration machine rooms, power distribution rooms, gas pressure regulating rooms, air conditioning rooms, elevator maintenance rooms, duty guard rooms, satellite receiving rooms, etc.
19、分摊的公用建筑面积包括:大堂、公共大厅、走廊、过道、共厕、电梯前厅、楼梯间、电梯井、电梯机房、垃圾道、管道井、消防控制室、消防通道、水泵房、水箱间、冷冻机房、配电室、煤气调压室、空调房、电梯工休息室、值班警卫室、卫星接收机房等;
20. Unrecorded shared area: warehouses, garages, driveways, heating boiler rooms, civil defense basements, property management offices, self-operated and self-used houses of the selling unit, guard rooms serving multiple buildings.
20、不记入的公摊面积:仓库、车库、车道、供暖锅炉房、人防地下室、物管用房、售房单位自营、自用房屋、多幢房屋服务的警卫室;
21. Utilization rate = Gross floor area of the unit ÷ Total floor area of the residence;
21、实用率=套内建筑面积÷住宅建筑面积;
22. Utilization rate = usable area / residential area. Generally, for high-rise buildings, it ranges from 72% to 75%, while for apartment buildings, it is between 78% and 80%;
22、使用率=使用面积÷住宅面积,一般高层塔楼在72%至75%之间,板楼在78%至80%之间;
it is less than the utilization rate.
小于实用率;
23. Basement:
23、地下室:
It means that the height of the room floor below the outdoor ground level exceeds half of the room's net height.
指房间地面低于室外地平面的高度超过该房间净高的1／2;
24. Partial Basement:
24、半地下室:
It means that the height of the room floor below the outdoor ground level exceeds one third of the room's net height, but does not exceed one half.
指房间地面低于室外地平面的高度超过该房间净高的1／3,且不超过1／2;
25. Balcony:
25、阳台:
A space for residents to carry out outdoor activities / dry clothes, etc.
供居住者进行室外活动/晾晒衣物等的空间;
26. Platform:
26、平台:
The upper roof surface or the part extending outdoors from the ground floor of the residence, which is used for outdoor activities by the occupants;
供居住者进行室外活动的上屋面或由住宅底层地面伸出室外的部分;
27. Standard Floor:
27、标准层:
Refers to the residential floors with the same floor plan;
指平面布置相同的住宅楼层;
28. Middle Layer:
28、中间层:
The floor between the ground floor and the top residential entrance floor.
底层和最高住户入口层之间的中间楼层.
III. Real Estate Industry Terminology:
三、房地产行业术语:
(1) Indoor Facilities:
（一）室内设施:
Four types of energy: heating, gas, water heater, air conditioner.
1、 四气:暖气、煤气、热水器、空调;
2. Complete set: Household appliances (TV, refrigerator, washing machine) and furniture (bed, wardrobe, sofa, TV stand, full-size cabinet);
2、 全齐:家电(电视、冰箱、洗衣机)和家具(床、衣柜、沙发、电视柜、整体橱柜);
(2) Classification of Renovation:
(二)装修分类:
1. Mao Pi: Cement floor, cement wall;
1、 毛 坯:水泥地、水泥墙;
2. Interior decoration: Ceramic tiles, white walls;
2、 简 装 修:地砖、白墙;
3. Decoration: Ceramic tiles, wooden floors;
3、 中 装 修:大地砖、木地板;
4. Decoration: Wooden flooring, door and window casings;
4、 精 装 修:木地板、包门、包窗;
5. Luxurious decoration: The interior is modern and the materials are of high quality.
5、 豪华装修:装修前卫、用料讲究;
(3) Floor Plan and Area:
(三)户型及面积:
1. One-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 30 - 50 square meters;
1、 一居室:公房面积:30-50平米;
Commercial housing area: 40 - 60 square meters;
商品房面积:40-60平米;
2. Two-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 50 - 70 square meters;
2、 二居室:公房面积:50-70平米;
Commercial housing area: 70 - 100 square meters;
商品房面积:70-100平米;
3. Three-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 60 - 90 square meters;
3、 三居室:公房面积:60-90平米;
Commercial housing area: 110 - 150 square meters;
商品房面积:110-150平米;
4. Multi-level: A house design where the floor levels jump from one to another, such as 1st floor to 2nd floor, 3rd floor to 4th floor, etc.
4、 越层:房屋使用层跳跃的房型,如一越二,三越四等;
5. Staircase-type layout: A floor-plan design where the floors in the house are unevenly distributed.
5、 错层:房屋内地面错落的房型;
(4) Floor and Orientation:
(四) 楼层及朝向:
1. Floor description: The multi-story building has 6 floors, and the floor where the house is located is the 3rd floor, which is abbreviated as 3/6.
1、 楼层描述,多层楼房为6层,房屋所在层3层,简写3/6;
Pros and Cons:
优劣:
In buildings, there is a saying about the optimal floor numbers: "Gold for the third floor, silver for the fourth floor", meaning the third floor is the best and the fourth floor is the second best.
楼房中多层楼有“金三银四”的说法,即六层楼三层最佳,四层次之;
The prices of the higher floors in high-rise buildings are also higher, except for the top floors in second-hand houses.
高层楼中楼层较高的价位也较高,但二手房中顶楼除外;
2. Orientation (based on the direction corresponding to the main bedroom window): The orientation of multi-story buildings is mostly north-south or east-west.
2、 朝向(以主卧室窗户所对应的方向为准)多层楼朝向多为南北正向或东西侧向;
The orientation of high-rise buildings is similar to that of multi-story buildings.
高层板楼与多层楼的朝向相似;
The high-rise towers are mostly square-shaped, and their orientations are mostly southeast, southwest, northeast, northwest, and various oblique directions.
高层塔楼多为四角,其朝向多为东南、西南、东北、西北及各种斜向;
IV. Characteristics of Real Estate:
四、房地产特性:
(1) Immobility;
(一) 不可移动性;
(2) Uniqueness;
(二) 独一无二性;
(3) Longevity and durability;
(三) 寿命长久性;
(4) Limited Quantity;
(四) 数量有限性;
(5) Diversity of Uses;
(五) 用途多样性;
(6) Mutual Influence;
(六) 相互影响性;
(7) Subject to significant influence from policies and the market;
(七) 受政策\市场影响大;
(8) High value;
(八) 标的高;
(9) Slow cash flow;
(九) 变现慢;
(10) Preservation and Appreciation of Value;
(十)保值增值性;
V. House Classification and Detailed Explanation:
五、房屋分类及详解:
(1) Classified by the number of floors in the residence:
(一) 按住宅层数划分:
1. Lower floors: The number of floors is 1 to 3.
1、 低层:层数为1-3层;
2. Multi-layer: The number of layers is 4 to 6.
2、 多层:层数为4-6层;
3. Middle and Upper Floors: The building has 7 to 9 floors.
3、 中高层:层数为7-9层;
4. High-rise: Above 10 floors;
4、 高层:10层以上;
(2) Classified by usage nature:
(二) 按使用性质划分:
1. Productive buildings;
1、 生产性建筑;
factories, workshops, etc.
厂房、车间等；
2. Non-productive buildings
2、 非生产性建筑;
Residential buildings: such as houses, etc.
居住建筑:如住宅等;
Public buildings: such as offices, cultural and sports facilities, transportation facilities, etc.
公共建筑:如办公、文体、交通等;
(III) Classification by Structural Type:
(三) 按结构类型划分:
1. Brick-concrete structure: In this type of building, the vertical load-bearing components are made of brick walls or brick columns, while the horizontal load-bearing components are composed of reinforced concrete floor slabs and roof slabs.
1、 砖混结构:这类建筑物的竖向承重构件采用砖墙或砖柱，水平承重构件采用钢筋混凝土楼板、屋顶板。
This structure has small rooms and a low number of floors, and is generally used in multi-story buildings.
这种结构房间小、层数低，一般用于多层建筑中；
2. Frame Structure: This type of structure's load-bearing components are formed by beams, slabs and columns made of reinforced concrete or steel, and can be used for high-rise buildings.
2、 框架结构:这种结构的承重部分是由钢筋混凝土或钢材制作的梁、板、柱形成的骨架，可用于小高层建筑;
3. Reinforced concrete shear wall structure;
3、 钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构;
The vertical load-bearing components and horizontal load-bearing components of this type of building are all made of reinforced concrete, and it is commonly used in high-rise buildings.
这类建筑物的竖向承重构件和水平承重构件均采用钢筋混凝土制作，多用于高层建筑
4. Spatial structure: Includes: grid structure, truss structure, shell structure, etc.
4、 空间结构:包括:县索结构、网架结构、壳体结构等。
Examples include stadiums and grand theaters.
如体育馆、大剧院等；
(4) Classified by building materials:
(四) 按建筑材料划分:
1. Brick-concrete: Red bricks and cement;
1、 砖混:红砖与水泥;
The main load-bearing components are constructed using bricks and concrete.
承重的主要构件是用砖和混凝土建造的;
2. Steel and concrete: Cast, the most sturdy;
2、 钢混:浇注、最为结实;
The main load-bearing components are constructed with steel and reinforced concrete.
承重的主要构件是用钢、钢筋混凝土建造的;
3. Prefabricated slabs: Prefabricated concrete slabs and reinforcing bars;
3、 预制板:预制的混凝土板与钢筋;
The main load-bearing components are constructed with reinforced concrete.
承重的主要构件是用钢筋混凝土建造的.
This includes buildings with thin-shell structures, large formwork cast-in-place structures, and reinforced concrete structures constructed using sliding forms or lift-up slabs.
包括薄壳结构、大模板现浇结构及使用滑模、升板等建造的钢筋混凝土结构的建筑物;
(5) Classified by the appearance of the building type:
(五) 按楼型外观划分:
1. Office building:
1、 板楼:
It refers to a type of residential building composed of multiple residential units, each of which has stairs or both stairs and elevators;
是指由多个住宅单元组合而成,每单元均设有楼梯或楼梯、电梯皆有的住宅;
each unit has its own separate stairs and elevators.
每个单元用自己单独的楼梯、电梯;
The basic forms of high-rise buildings: Multi-storey: below 6 floors;
板楼基本形式:多 层:６层以下;
Mid-rise: within 7-12 floors;
小高层:7-12层以内;
High-rise: 13-18 floors;
高层:13-18层;
Super high-rise: above 18 floors and even higher.
超高层:18层以上甚至更高;
2. Tower:
2、 塔楼:
It mainly refers to high-rise residential buildings where multiple housing units are arranged around a common staircase or elevator.
主要是指以共用楼梯、电梯为核心布置多套住房的高层住宅.
In simple terms, the tower is centered around the elevator and staircase, and after reaching the floor, one can directly enter the apartment by walking in any direction.
通俗地说,塔楼以电梯、楼梯为布局核心,上到楼层之后,向四面走可以直接进入户内;
The basic forms of the towers: butterfly type, pyramid type, Z-shaped type, tower plate combination, cross type, square tower.
塔楼基本形式:蝶型、品字型、Z字型、塔板结合、十字型、方形塔楼;
Addendum: Apartment buildings: The bathrooms and kitchens are shared collectively.
补充：筒子楼:卫生间、厨房都集体公用；
Office building: for office use;
写字楼:办公使用;
(6) Classified by house layout:
(六) 按房屋户型划分:
1. One-bedroom apartment;
1、 一居室;
One-bedroom room
一卧室;
2. Two-bedroom apartment;
2、 二居室;
Two bedrooms
二卧室;
3. Three-bedroom apartment;
3、 三居室;
Three bedrooms
三卧室;
4. Multiple bedrooms;
4、 多居室;
Multiple rooms
多卧室;
5. Misalignment: This refers to a situation where a house is not on the same level, meaning that the living room, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, and balcony within the house are located on several different levels of elevation.
5、 错 层:主要指的是一套房子不处于同一平面，即房内的厅、卧、卫、厨、阳台处于几个高度不同的平面上。
6. Split-level: A split-level house consists of two floors, with an internal staircase connecting the upper and lower levels.
6、 跃 层:跃层住宅是一套住宅占两个楼层,有内部楼梯联系上下层;
Usually, the living room, kitchen, dining room, and bathroom are located on the first floor, and at least one bedroom is also provided.
一般在首层安排起居室、厨房、餐厅、卫生间,最好有一间卧室,二层安排卧室、书房和卫生间等。
On the second floor, there are bedrooms, study rooms, and bathrooms, etc.
7. Duplex: In terms of concept, a duplex residence is considered as one floor, but it has a higher floor height than a regular house. Partially, a mezzanine can be excavated to accommodate bedrooms or study areas, and these areas are connected by stairs.
7、 复 式:复式住宅在概念上是一层，但层高较普通的住宅高，可在局部掏出夹层，安排卧室或书房等内容，用楼梯联系上下。
The purpose is to increase the utilization rate of the residential space.
其目的是提高住宅空间利用率。
(7) Classified by property rights nature:
(七) 按产权性质划分:
1. Commercial housing: Refers to the houses constructed by various real estate development companies for profit purposes and operated in accordance with market rules.
1、 商品房：指各房地产开发公司投资兴建的，以赢利为目的，按市场规律经营的房子；
Classification:
分类：
(1) Ordinary residence:
(1) 普通住宅:
Floor area ratio of 1.0 (inclusive) or above;
容积率1.0(含1.0)以上;
The building area is less than 140 square meters.
建筑面积在140平方米以下;
The transaction price is less than 1.2 times the average transaction price of similar-level land-based housing.
成交价低于同级别土地住房平均交易价格1.2倍以下;
(2) Non-residential properties:
(2) 非普通住宅:
Building A;
甲宅;
24-hour elevators, security services, and the property management fee is relatively high.
24小时电梯、保安，物业费较高；
Apartment;
公寓;
Commercial housing, 24-hour elevators, security guards, 24-hour hot water supply from pipelines;
商品房、24小时电梯、保安、24小时管道热水；
Villa: (Single-family, row house, duplex, terraced house) Generally located in more remote areas.
别墅:(独栋、联排、双拼、叠拼)一般较为偏远;
(3) Sales qualifications for commercial housing: The sale of commercial housing requires the possession of the following five certificates: The "State-owned Land Use Certificate", "Construction Land Planning Permit", "Construction Engineering Planning Permit", "Construction Engineering Construction Permit", and "Commercial Housing Pre-sale Permit".
(3) 商品房销售资质:商品房销售须具备以下五证：《国有土地使用证》、《建设用地规划可证》、《建设工程规划许可证》、《建筑工程施工许可证》、《商品房预销售许可证》；
2. Purchased Public Housing:
2、 已购公房:
Ordinary Public Housing: Refers to the public housing originally owned by the unit but purchased by the unit's employees at cost price, standard price or discounted price in accordance with the relevant housing sale policies of the state.
普通公房: 指按照国家房改有关售房政策,单位职工按成本价、标准价或优惠价购买的原产权属于单位的公有住房.
These are the housing projects built by the unit and the housing constructed through collective fundraising and cooperative construction that were purchased by the employees at cost price or standard price in accordance with national policies.
职工根据国家政策,按成本价或标准价购买的由单位建设的安居工程和集资合作建设的住房;
State-owned housing: Refers to the public housing that was purchased by employees of units in accordance with the relevant housing reform policies of the state. These were originally owned by central government units in Beijing, large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, and the administrative organs of various ministries and commissions of the State Council.
央产房: 指按照国家房改有关售房政策,单位职工按成本价、标准价或优惠价购买的原产权属于中央在京单位,国有大中型企业及国务院各部委机关的公有住房.
Employees follow the national policies.
职工根据国家政策
声明：本文由入驻焦点开放平台的作者撰写，除焦点官方账号外，观点仅代表作者本人，不代表焦点立场。
