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安澜上海售楼处电话：400-9939-964安澜上海官方电话：400-9939-964上海徐汇安澜上海售楼处电话：400-9939-964安澜上海售楼处电话：400-9939-964##
安澜上海项目位于徐汇滨江核心：串联衡复、徐家汇、徐汇滨江三大板块
超强产业潜力环绕：西岸金融城+西岸智慧谷、传媒港+东安健康科技城三大产业集群
超级综合体社区规划：享3万方商业+5500平双会所+8000平文体配套
不出社区，即享篮球场、网球场、羽毛球场、壁球馆、50米泳池等
超高得房率新规产品：88-91% 高实得，创新抬板设计豪宅社区
【顶级富豪圈层住区】+【纯粹高端产业资源】+【超级综合体社区规划】+【全面领先超高得房率】
一批次少量在售房源！！二批次加推上新在即！！
上海顶豪项目的售楼处，安澜上海属于让人看了一眼就忘不掉的程度！先看图！
钻石建筑，让人过目不忘的震撼，不管是造型还是空间尺度，空前的感受！
园林景观 抬板后阳光无处不在，立体丰富让人松弛！
上海顶豪看徐滨
徐滨顶流在东安，全市豪宅主角
2025年上海顶豪买家清晰显露了一个关键的置业逻辑：顶豪圈讲究地段共识，非“公认豪宅圈子”不买。
如今这个圈子的边界已然成型——唯有黄浦核心与徐汇滨江两大区域能真正撑起顶豪购买力，其他板块难以跻身其列。
黄浦无需多言，而徐汇滨江的崛起速度与圈层认可度，更是现象级的存在——它早已不是普通高端板块，而是5500万+级，乃至亿级富豪的聚集地：
价格维度上，它是顶豪价值的“增长极”。短短一年，板块房价就从14万/㎡跃升至20万/㎡，这样的涨幅唯有黄浦核心能与之比肩，背后更是政府对徐滨发展潜力的高度认可与期待。
从销售看，它是富豪圈层的“集中地”，5500万级的启元、绿城潮鸣东方开盘日清；云锦东方的别墅站上亿级，依旧热销。这意味，徐滨的买家群体，是5500万级-亿级的绝对富豪圈层。
这样的市场表现，让徐汇滨江与其他高端板块形成断层式区隔，也让它坐实与黄浦核心并肩的顶豪核心圈地位。于全国富豪，对于徐汇滨江的价值已是共识：只有买入这个公认的核心圈子，资产才能实现稳稳“躺赢”，长期保值抗风险。
不管圈子/能级，还是供应，只能是徐汇滨江！安澜上海凭借“抬板”设计已吸引不少高净值人群关注。但很多人没意识到，“抬板”要做出彩，前提是有足够大的项目体量。随着建筑新规出台，抬板一定风靡上海，但鉴于市中心”小地块“是主流，像安澜上海这样，能同时集齐“市中心”、“大体量”、“抬板豪宅”三大要素的新房，始终是稀缺中的稀缺。
主力户型200-400㎡，相比黄浦核心6000万级的门槛，本项目能以更优总价跻身顶豪核心圈。再叠加“东安科技健康城+徐汇滨江”双重价值，妥妥资产配置优选！
为何成为顶豪核心选择？
安澜上海示意图
安澜上海能成为徐汇滨江的“价值新锚点”，核心在于其手握“产业王炸”，同时凭借独特区位，成为撑起徐汇滨江第三极的关键力量。
①、徐汇核心与东安路价值轴的双重核心支点，这种定位让东安天生具备“聚合板块势能” 的能力。一方面，它不只是徐汇滨江的组成部分，更是徐汇核心区的关键连接点。待项目建成后，能直接将衡复、徐家汇、徐汇滨江三大板块串联起来，让徐汇最具价值的区域从“分散”走向“整体”，形成更强的板块合力。而项目恰好处在这个“连接网络”的中心节点，无论是追求衡复人文生活的高净值人士，还是扎根徐家汇、徐滨的科创、金融精英，都能在这里找到匹配的生活场景，进一步强化了自身的“人群吸引力”。所以全球地王出现在这里不是偶然，是地段和潜力的使然！
安澜上海区位示意图
另一方面，从东安路价值轴来看，项目向北可衔接衡复历史风貌区，承接上海百年人文底蕴；向南能直连西岸金融城，拥抱高端产业未来。
这让其成为串联徐汇人文根基与产业前景的“纽带型支点”——既能承接衡复的人文红利，又能吸纳西岸金融城的产业红利，双向赋能下，价值锚点的属性愈发清晰。
②、不仅邻居强，东安更自带超强产业潜力，坐稳徐滨第三极。
徐滨已形成两大产业核心：一是聚焦金融的西岸金融城，二是主攻人工智能的西岸智慧谷+传媒港。而东安健康科技城将扛起“第三极”大旗，以生物医药为核心赛道。
这意味，在上海三大先导产业（集成电路、人工智能、生物医药）中，徐滨凭一己之力占据人工智能与生物医药两席，产业能级在全市都属顶尖。
从定位与资源来看，徐汇早在2022年就明确目标，要打造千亿级生物医药产业集群，并将东安健康科技城（枫林地区）列为产业发展的标杆园区。
据经信委发布的产业地图显示，东安是市中心唯一的生物医药聚集区。其核心优势在于医疗与科研资源的高度集中，东安路一带聚集了全市约1/3的三甲医院（如中山医院），还有复旦大学、中科院有机化学所等高校与科研机构。
来源上海产业地图
依托顶尖资源，区域内产业高度聚焦“生命科学与健康”前沿领域，涵盖神经科学、基因组学与蛋白质组学研究，以及新药研发、数字医疗与AI临床转化等——这些都是技术壁垒高、收入水平远超普通行业的领域。
对应的，这里的高收入人群密度也极为可观，枫林街道辖区内，常住人口中博士及博士后研究人员的比例不仅远超上海市平均水平，在全国范围内也名列前茅；再加上生物医药企业高管、科研团队核心成员等，形成了庞大的“高净值人群池”。这些人群的居住、消费需求，将直接转化为板块的价值支撑，推动顶豪资产的长期保值。
示意图
此外，安澜上海具备综合体属性，它能提供大体量空间，用于建设专业实验室、招引高科技企业入驻，进一步完善生物医药产业链。
东安科技健康城效果图
值得一提，东安健康科技城和西岸金融城是一种“黄金搭档”关系，两者不仅将形成超260万方的磅礴体量；更是合力、互补关系，共同将徐汇滨江最北端的产业生态做大做强。
这种联动直接指向安澜上海的居住需求。目前西岸金融城的住宅用地已基本告罄，未来这里产生的大量高薪人才，将面临“就近居住”的核心需求，而安澜上海恰好承接了这一缺口，成为这些高净值人群的优选居所，进一步夯实项目价值底盘。
徐汇滨江最终将是三核驱动！犹记2014年，云锦东方售价约6.5万/㎡；如今徐滨两极成型约80%，房价已经20万+/㎡，如果三极全部建成，你觉得安澜上海会值多少钱？
市中心多小地块，很难形成豪宅氛围，因此最顶的豪宅，像翠湖都依托成片开发。
而安澜上海是市中心鲜有的大体量成片改造区域，有两个核心优势：
①、规模效应：顶豪集群IP，上海圈层最高的区域之一
成片开发的核心，在于形成“富豪高度聚集” 的规模效应。一方面，安澜上海有海量富豪，本身就会构建起标志性圈层IP；另一方面，安澜上海将与周边高端社区（江南新村改造、绿城、启元）形成联动，共同强化“徐汇滨江顶豪集群”的标签。这种“富豪扎堆、IP聚焦”的价值认知，是零散小项目永远无法复制的，也将成为上海富豪最扎堆的区域之一。
安澜上海示意图
②、业主生态：匹配塔尖需求，注入前沿高端业态
成片开发意味业态丰富，据悉项目为塔尖圈层打造涵盖多元功能的超级生活底盘：包含约3万方汇聚多种潮流业态的主题商业、约8000平米的圈层邻里生活聚落，更在东西两个地块配置了约5500平米的双会所，业主足不出片区，尽享顶奢生活。
安澜上海示意图
不难想象，当顶级富豪入住、高端业态落地、产业资源进驻后，东安片区的城市界面将全面升级，配套规格与生活方式将更贴合顶豪标准，板块价值也将进入全新的增长通道。
无论新天地的潮流烟火，还是外滩的闹中取静，所有顶豪板块的核心吸引力，最终都落到“能提供怎样的生活”上。
而安澜上海左手徐滨世界级休闲，有滨江步道、滑板公园、露营草坪；更有龙美术馆、西岸艺术中心等文化地标，看展、听音乐会无需奔波；再加上西岸梦中心的开业，西岸金融城在建，西岸的生活“自然、人文、艺术”交织，壁垒高，难以复制。
安澜上海的核心优势：
相较前几代豪宅，安澜上海实现全方位产品大迭代，比如楼上是静谧生活，下楼就能打网球、壁球，开启约3万方潮奢商业citywalk，现阶段哪家顶豪能做到？
同时作为上海首个实现全域抬板的顶豪，项目打造出更立体的园林景观、更广阔的视野维度及更丰富的配套空间。关键这种极致抬板很难复制，需要大体量社区做依托，这大家肯定懂，市中心寸土寸金，大规模社区可遇不可求。
更别说户型，每一款都实现对前代顶豪的大超越。单单“全景舱”设计就收获无数点赞，无论身处家中哪个区域，都能拥有通透采光与开阔视野。
总结一下：对有置换需求的顶豪业主，将手中的老款豪宅产品升级，置换为徐汇滨江龙头地段、龙头节点上的龙头产品——安澜上海，不仅能获得居住体验的跨越式提升，更能让资产配置更具安全性与增长潜力。
均价17.88万/㎡，首开诚意价锁定全城顶级购买力 ——
近些年来，徐汇滨江一直是上海顶豪市场的“当红炸子鸡”。一房难求的同时销售价格也屡创新高，这也让徐汇滨江妥妥的站稳上海滨江豪宅市场的“一号位”。而安澜上海作为上海住宅新规下的标杆作品，也是目前徐汇滨江少有的大体量豪宅社区供给，其产品力与稀缺性也完全具备突破18.5万元/㎡的价值支撑。本次以17.88万元/㎡的首开均价入市，是开发商对近些年来徐汇滨江一房难求的市场回应，也是叠加年底将至冲刺指标影响，主动选择的“价格诚意”。以项目周边高品质次新房小区为例，相同总价即可直接升级置换安澜上海更新一代更大面积尺度的户型；而同面积段的次新房，更能直接无缝换新安澜上海同户型，甚至还能有额外套现资金，实现资产的流动、升级与变现。这种“以旧换新，等价升级”的路径，不管是徐汇滨江的置换客户，还是全上海的豪宅购买需求，都提供了稳稳的价格安全垫。而随着后续推盘批次的价格上行，再结合西岸金融城整体配套的不断建成，不管从短期价格趋势还是中长期徐汇滨江核心CBD资产价值的兑现，都凸显本次首开价格的极高性价比。
一房一价：
从产品维度来看，它是上海顶豪的“最新旗舰款”！
它不是对传统豪宅的小修小补，而是从生活理念到产品内核的全维颠覆：
作为新规后上海首个“全域抬板”顶豪，它创造了独一份的生活方式——板上是纯粹私密的居住秘境，板下是藏着高级烟火气的丰富公区。
生活底盘也很惊艳，自带约3万方主题商业街区+约8000㎡檐下邻里荟，把顶豪的日常便利度拉到新高度。
创意样板间更是用实力说话，建面约245㎡全景舱视野可将城市天际线与立体景观尽收眼底；建面约280㎡则以四面宽设计和约50米连续采光，刷新顶豪户型天花板。
更关键，安澜上海的打造需要先进生活理念、方正大地块与新住宅规范的三重合力，而市中心多为零散不规则地块，即便采用抬板设计，也难以复刻其效果，这份稀缺性成为项目核心价值，使其能在十年、二十年后依旧立于价值金字塔尖，历久弥新。
因此，往后很长一段时间，上海顶豪只有两种——安澜上海，和其他！
市中心罕见成片开发区域，未来顶级富豪聚集区
今年年中，纽约曼哈顿全球地王的热度还未褪去，魔都反手就给世界来了亿点震撼！位于徐汇滨江的安澜上海地块，以约523亿的天价成交，不仅创下了中国土地交易纪录，更一跃登顶“全球总价地王”。
在这里，安澜上海以超前十年的产品进化，与徐汇滨江核心CBD共生长，为领先上海十年的徐汇滨江打造超前十年的全新价值标准。
安澜上海是徐汇滨江乃至上海罕有的大体量纯粹高端居住社区，构筑出纯粹的豪宅领域感，每一次归家都先置身显赫于外的尊贵场域，与顶级圈层完成一次身份与气质的共鸣。
如此大体量豪宅住区的纯粹，也让丰盛的配套规划成为可能。在安澜上海，围绕圈层生活的丰盛日常，配置了高能级的豪宅配套集群，以高定理念从多个维度重构“高浓度+高能级”豪宅生活标准，让每个日常都有如“限量款”般的生活体验。
打造上海首个全域抬板社区
安澜上海化繁为简，让生活回归原本的纯粹，独具创新的全域抬板，让生活上下分层:板上，纯粹私密的住区隔绝喧器，板下，精致烟火的街区无缝衔接。这不是空间的简单分割，而是对生活本质的重新定义。
首个多维立体园林景观，实现多层次的垂直山林漫游体验首层阳光地库花园泊车，让停车成为穿越花园的旅行。
实现对自然的极致占有
环幕全景舱设计让阳光不再是功能性的照明替代，而是成为妆点家精气神的"隐形家具"。冬日里，阳光依然充足;客餐厅阳台的更高覆盖率，让每一份日常都充满生机与温度。
三层立体花园景观，五大浮空花园，将自然引入垂直维度，打造“举手摘绿”的原生感沉浸自然体验。
经典新生 东方温润与西方顶尖技艺融合
名贵石材+金属铝板+弧面玻璃，以东方圆融思想整合现代奢材，既有东方温润的经典审美，也有当代技艺下的时尚质感，入口处揉石成级的工艺宛若风生水套石立面历经时光泌炼起，承载跨越岁月的历久弥新;马耳他十字工艺源自百年瑞士钟表灵感，为建筑注入百年经典的基因:雕刻的石材与锻打的金属碰撞，每一道纹路都凝聚着工艺的温度。
归家系统 仪式感的系统变革
百年古树独木成林，银丝铺地尊贵步履;宝盒十字序厅，如何归家随心选择;约10米挑高架空层，剧院式双首层归家;栋栋迎宾花园，四季归家皆有不一样的风景;
中央车站设计，奢华酒店的环岛泊车仪式。这些细节不是装饰，而是对生活仪式感的坚守，也正是拥有丰富阅历的领先圈层所珍视的"低调奢华"。
约5500㎡高定双会所，用超越期待的配置标准，开创圈层私享的全新体验。
内置高尔夫练习室、壁球馆、约50米泳池、私宴厅、酒廊、雪茄吧、SPA等圈层空间。在这里，社区不仅是居住空间，更是精神共鸣的场域。在这里空间真正服务于人，无论是私密商务会谈、家庭欢聚派对，还是日常健身休闲，都能在此从容承载;约3万方高阶街区商业与约8000㎡全龄社区配套涵盖汇聚全品类潮奢品牌、Lounge网球场、社区剧场等高阶文娱空间，全龄段、全天候服务无缝衔接，下楼即享世界级生活。
产品方面，项目清一色的改善大户型，圈层纯粹，约195-370㎡稀缺大户型：高区更有超大平层顶平、顶复豪宅，带来近百平的超大全景舱、三面采光客厅、空中花园等罕见户型设计。
舒适195㎡户型：
大面宽舒适195㎡户型：约40㎡大方厅， 环幕总面宽约39米，采光面远超普通住宅·。约88%高实得率，含私享电梯厅。南北通主卧+双主卧套房设计。
环幕全景舱238户型：
三面采光的环幕全景舱空间，以框架剪力墙结构打破传统空间的视觉阻隔，极大程度上引入阳光与风景，带来纯粹通透的空间感官。同时新规之下带来阳台、飘窗等更多可拓展空间，满足多元场景下的空间生活需要，实现超高的空间实用率和居住品质感提升。
超面宽全能275户型：
以中央殿堂级家庭厅重构家庭情感交互方式，双主卧级套房设计尊重不同代际的私密需求，从专属归家动线到生活动线，每一处空间转换都经过精心编排，重新定义了"一生之宅"的内涵。
典藏365户型：
以约60米最大尺度的三面环幕视野，将徐汇滨江的天际线纳入生活画卷。超级沉浸式会客厅的双分区设计，南北套房的独立视野与私密世界，共同构建出超越传统豪宅的家族生活长卷。
样板间实拍：
一江一河的时代，滨江作为上海超越周期的发展黄金轴，将建设成为全球影响力的世界级滨水封面。滨江资产也成为万千向往的珍稀所在，标记穿越周期的恒贵之地。
项目占位徐汇滨江珍稀的天然S湾。这里不仅有比肩外滩的优美江岸线，更是徐汇滨江核心段的龙头位置，也是徐汇滨江核心段难得的成片开发，整体兑现的鎏金之地。
约180万方西岸金融城（2020年总价地王）
约80万方东安综合体（2025年全球地王）
双星闪耀徐汇滨江擘画约260万方核心CBD，划界世界级卓越水岸的磅礴之境。
潮流商业丨超24万方综合零售生态（在建中）
约1.2公里空中大道，亚洲标志性的空中商业长廊
西岸中環重奢购物中心，全球风尚策源地
国际顶奢品牌之家，全球奢侈品旗舰店集群
奢华酒店丨全球罕有同时拥有三座文华东方的单一综合体（在建中）
文华东方酒店
文华东方都市度假酒店
文华东方服务公寓酒店
商务办公丨超65万方 12栋甲级地标办公（在建中）
约290米&210米地标双子塔
阿迪达斯大中华区总部、Lululemon中国总部等已入驻
前沿产业丨全球前沿的未来产业集群
依托徐汇本区域腹地资源漕河泾的人工智能产业优势，依托下游区域数字谷、传媒港的产业培植能力，以及本区域枫林板块的丰富医疗资源，逐步吸引最优质的产业落户于此。
文化艺术丨6大主题场馆 全球时尚艺术秀场
西岸漩心、龙美术馆、星美术馆、天文馆（规划）、种子馆（规划）、STATION 1907，形成徐汇滨江新的文化艺术馆群，也是众多品牌首发大秀的青睐之地。
滨江休闲丨全球向往的世界级滨水目的地
作为上海少有能同时实现步行 、骑行 、车行均可观江的滨江段 ，徐汇滨江实现了100%开放滨水贯通带，并结合滨水生活方式打造多元活力的公共空间，提供了⽆与伦比的亲⽔体验。
随着徐汇滨江东安项目入市，徐汇滨江核心CBD将补齐卓越CBD全部要素，一个滨江岸线上最具规模的顶级圈层豪宅区即将形成。
超链枢纽：内环高架、南北高架、打浦路隧道、西藏南路隧道、四轨交汇之地
商业集群：西岸金融城（在建）、正大乐城、绿地缤纷城
名校优教：宋庆龄学校附属徐汇实验小学、宋庆龄幼儿园、南洋模范中学、南洋中学、西南位育中学
三甲医疗：中山医院、龙华医院、复旦大学附属肿瘤医院
安澜上海售楼处电话：400-9939-964安澜上海官方电话：400-9939-964上海徐汇安澜上海售楼处电话：400-9939-964安澜上海售楼处电话：400-9939-964##
I. Concepts Related to Real Estate
一、房地产相关概念
(1) Definition of Real Estate: Real estate is also known as immovable property. It refers to land, buildings, and the parts that are firmly attached to the land and buildings and cannot be separated.
(一) 房地产概念:房地产又称不动产,是指土地、建筑物及固着在土地、建筑物上不可分离的部分.
Among these, the parts that cannot be separated, such as trees and plumbing equipment, are included.
其中不可分离的部分,如树木、水暖设备等.
Real estate has three forms of existence:
房地产有三种存在形式:
1. Pure land;
1、 单纯的土地;
2. Simple buildings;
2、 单纯的建筑物;
3. Properties combining land and buildings;
3、 土地与建筑物结合的房产;
(2) Classification of the real estate market: Based on the characteristics of the development, sales and consumption processes of real estate, the real estate market can be divided into:
(二) 房地产市场的分类:根据房地产开发,销售与消费过程特点,可以将房地产市场分为:
1. Primary market (land market)
1、 一级市场(土地市场);
2. Secondary market (market for newly built real estate)
2、 二级市场(房地产增量房市场);
3. The secondary market (the real estate resale market)
3、 三级市场(房地产存量房市场);
(III) Land and Land Ownership:
(三) 土地及土地所有权:
1. The concept of land: Generally refers to the ground, the space below the ground and within a certain range above the ground.
1、 土地的概念:一般是指地面、地面以下和地面以上一定范围的空间.
In real life, land is artificially divided and represents a specific area with a defined size.
现实生活中的土地是人为划分的,具有特定面积范围的地域.
2. Public ownership of land: According to the constitution, land ownership is divided into ownership by the entire people (state-owned land) and collective land ownership. Collective land can only be transferred after it is converted into state-owned land, and individuals and units only have the right to use the land.
2、 土地公有制:根据宪法规定,土地所有权分全民所有(国有土地)与集体土地所有权,集体转为国有才能转让,个人和单位只拥有土地的使用权;
3. During the validity period, the land use rights can be leased, transferred or mortgaged.
3、 土地使用权在期限内可以出租、转让、抵押.
(4) Methods for obtaining land use rights:
(四) 土地使用权获取方式:
1. Transfer of Land Use Rights:
1、 土地使用权出让:
It refers to the act where the state grants the right to use state-owned land to the land user for a certain period of time, and the land user pays the land use right transfer fee to the state.
指国家将国有土地使用权在一定年限内出让给土地使用者,由土地使用者向国家支付土地使用权出让金的行为;
The transfer of land use rights can be carried out through three methods: bidding, auction, and negotiation between the parties.
土地使用权出让采用招标、拍卖、双方协议三种方式;
For the six types of land (commercial, entertainment, tourism, finance, service industry, and commercial housing), the methods of bidding and auction are adopted;
六类用地(商业、娱乐、旅游、金融、服务业、商品房)采用招标、拍卖的方式;
for old city renovation, the method of negotiation between the parties is used.
旧城改造采用双方协议的方式；
The term of land use rights for state-owned land: 40 years for commercial, tourism and entertainment land;
国有土地使用权出让年限：商业、旅游、娱乐用地40年;
50 years for industrial land, science and education land, culture and sports land, health and sports land, comprehensive or other land;
工业用地、科教、文体、卫生、体育用地、综合或其他用地50年;
70 years for housing land;
住房用地70年;
The term of land use rights for real estate has a direct impact on its value.
房地产的使用权年限对价值有直接影响.
2. Allocation of Land Use Rights:
2、 土地使用权划拨:
It refers to the act where the people's government at or above the county level, in accordance with the law, approves the transfer of the land to the land user after the land user has paid the compensation and resettlement fees, or delivers the land use right to the land user free of charge for use.
指县级以上人民政府依法批准,在土地使用者缴纳补偿、安置等费用后将该幅土地交付其使用,或者将土地使用权无偿交付给土地使用者使用的行为;
If the land use right is obtained through allocation, except as otherwise stipulated by laws and administrative regulations, there is no limit on the duration of use.
以划拨方式取得土地使用权的,除法律、行政法规另有规定外,没有使用期限的限制;
The following land use rights for construction sites are, in fact, indispensable and can be legally approved for allocation by the governments at or above the county level: land for national institutions and military purposes;
下列建设用地的土地使用权,确属必须的,可由县级以上人民政府依法批准划拨: 国家机关用地和军事用地;
Urban infrastructure land and public welfare land;
城市基础设施用地和公益事业用地;
Land for key projects supported by the state, such as energy, transportation, and water conservancy;
国家重点扶持的能源、交通、水利等项目用地;
Other land as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations;
法律、行政法规规定的其他用地;
(5) Architectural Concept
(五) 建筑概念
1. Architecture: The general term for buildings and structures;
1、 建筑:建筑物和构筑物的总称;
2. Narrowly-defined buildings: Refers to various types of houses, structures such as trees, elevators, plumbing equipment, etc.
2、 狭义建筑物:指各类房屋,构筑物如树木、电梯、水暖设备等;
3. Standards for qualified buildings: Practical, economical, and aesthetically pleasing;
3、 合格建筑物的标准:适用、经济、美观;
Applicable features: Safe, waterproof, soundproof, heat insulation and cold insulation, light transmission, fully functional, reasonable space layout.
适用:安全、防水、隔声、保温隔热、采光、功能齐全、空间格局合理;
Economy: Reasonable purchase price, low maintenance costs, low energy consumption for heating and air conditioning.
经济:购置价格合理、维修保养、采暖、空调能耗不高;
Aesthetics: Architectural design, color appeal, harmony with the environment;
美观:建筑造型、色彩美感、与环境协调;
(6) Property Concept
(六) 物业概念
1. Property: In a broad sense, property refers to real estate. In a narrow sense, property includes various types of buildings and their attached equipment, facilities, and related sites.
1、 物业:广义的物业就是房地产,狭义的物业,包括各类房屋及其附属的设备、设施和相关场地;
Various types of buildings: They can be building complexes, such as residential communities, or a single residence;
各类房屋:可以是建筑群,如住宅小区,也可以是一幢住宅;
附属 equipment, facilities and related sites: Refers to various indoor and outdoor facilities, municipal public facilities, road traffic, etc. that are compatible with the aforementioned buildings
附属的设备、设施和相关场地:是指与上述建筑物相配套的室内外各类设施、市政公用设施、道路交通等;
II. House Construction Basics
二、房屋建筑常识
1. Floor Area Ratio:
1、 容积率:
The ratio of the total building area to the total land area is a technical and economic indicator that reflects the degree of land utilization, the intensity of use, and the economic efficiency.
总建筑面积与总用地面积的比值, 反映土地利用程度、使用强度及其经济性的技术经济指标;
Floor area ratio = Total building area ÷ Land area;
容积率=建筑总面积÷用地面积;
Generally speaking: Ordinary residences ≥ 1.0;
一般来讲:普通住宅≥1.0;
Non-ordinary residences < 1.0;
非普通住宅＜1.0;
2. Building Density:
2、 建筑密度:
The proportion of the total area of all building plots within the project site to the total site area.
项目用地范围内各种建筑用地面积总和占总用地面积的比例.
It can also be calculated as the total area of building footprints ÷ total site area, reflecting the vacant land ratio within the building area and the density of buildings.
也可以建筑物基底总面积÷总用地面积,反映建筑用地范围内的空地率和建筑物的密集程度;
3. Greening Rate:
3、 绿化率:
It refers to the ratio of the total area of green space within the project planning land to the total planned construction land area.
指项目规划用地范围内绿化用地总面积占规划建设用地面积的比例;
4. Green Space Ratio:
4、 绿地率:
It describes the ratio of the total area of all green spaces within the residential area to the area of the residential area itself.
描述的是居住区用地范围内各类绿地的总和与居住区用地的比率;
5. Floor Height:
5、 层高:
The height of a residence is measured in "floors", which refers to the distance between the floor surface or floor slab of the lower level and the upper floor level.
住宅高度以“层”为单位计算,是指下层地板面或楼板面到上层楼层面之间的距离.
6. Net height:
6、 净高:
It refers to the distance between the lower floor surface or the upper floor slab surface and the lower surface of the upper floor slab.
指下层地板面或楼板上表面到上层楼板下表面之间的距离.
Net height = Floor height - Floor thickness;
净高=层高-楼板厚度;
7. Depth:
7、 进深:
Refers to the length of a residence, which is the actual length between the front wall and the back wall of an independent house or a residential building. To ensure that residences have good natural lighting and ventilation conditions, currently in many urban residential buildings in China, the depth of the rooms is generally limited to around 5 meters and cannot be arbitrarily expanded.
指住宅的长度,指一间独立的房屋或一幢居住建筑从前墙皮到后墙皮之间的实际长度,为了保证住宅具有良好的自然采光和通风条件,目前我国大量城镇住宅房间的进深一般都限定在5米左右,不能任意扩大.
If the depth of a residence is too large, the interior space far from the doors and windows will have insufficient natural light.
住宅进深过大,就是住宅成为狭长型,距离门窗较远的室内空间自然光线不足,但进深大的住宅可以有效的节约用地;
However, residences with a large depth can effectively save land.
8. Width:
8、 开间:
Refers to the width of a residence, which is the actual distance between one wall surface and another within a single room of a house. The opening width in residential design has strict regulations;
指住宅的宽度,指一间房屋内一面墙皮之间到另一面墙皮之间的实际距离,住宅的开间在住宅设计上有严格的规定;
a smaller opening width can shorten the inter-floor span of the floor slab, enhancing the overall integrity, stability and seismic resistance of the residential structure.
较小的开间范围,可缩短楼板的层间跨度,增强住宅结构的整体性、稳定性和抗震性;
9. Building Area:
9、 建筑面积:
It refers to the horizontal area enclosed by the outer walls of a building.
指建筑物外墙外围所围成空间的水平面积.
It includes the usable living area of the house, the area occupied by walls and columns, the area of stairways and corridors, and other shared areas.
包含了房屋居住可用的实用面积、墙体柱体占地面积、楼梯走道面积、其它公摊面积等;
10. Common Area:
10、公摊面积:
It refers to the total area of the building's stairs, elevator shafts, exterior walls, public lobbies, corridors, equipment rooms, the first-floor lobby, and some other supporting facilities within the community.
指建筑物的楼梯、电梯井、外墙、公共门厅、走道、设备间、首层大堂及小区内其它一些配套设施的面积总和;
11. Usage Area:
11、使用面积:
It is the net usable area for residents' daily life after deducting the shared area and the area occupied by walls and columns from the total building area. It is commonly known as the floor area.
它是建筑面积扣除公摊面积、及墙体柱体所占用的面积后的直接供住户生活的净使用面积,俗称地砖面积;
12. Floor Area:
12、占地面积:
The area occupied by the building foundation and its functions is also known as the red line area.
建筑物基底及其功能需要占用的面积,也叫红线面积;
13. The net building area = Net usable area + Net wall area + Balcony area (Terrace area is calculated as half the area).
13、套内建筑面积=套内使用面积+套内墙体面积+阳台建筑面积(露台面积按半面积计算);
14. Building area = Net building area + Shared area;
14、建筑面积=套内建筑面积+公摊面积;
15. Sales area = Net building area + Shared public building area;
15、销售面积=套内建筑面积+公摊的公用建筑面积;
Commercial housing is sold by "unit" or "block".
商品房按“套”或“单元”出售;
16. Common area floor area = Total building area - Internal area of each unit - Unallocated area that should not be shared;
16、公用建筑面积=整幢建筑面积-套内建筑面积和-不应分摊的建筑面积;
17. The shared public building area = the net building area of the unit × the shared building area allocation coefficient;
17、公摊的公用建筑面积=套内建筑面积×公用建筑面积分摊系数;
18. Common area allocation coefficient: Common area area ÷ Sum of interior area of each unit;
18、公用建筑面积分摊系数:公用建筑面积÷套内建筑面积之和;
19. The shared common area floor space includes: lobby, public hall, corridors, passageways, communal toilets, elevator lobby, stairwells, elevator shafts, elevator machine rooms, garbage chutes, pipe shafts, fire control rooms, fire escape routes, pump rooms, water tank rooms, refrigeration machine rooms, power distribution rooms, gas pressure regulating rooms, air conditioning rooms, elevator maintenance rooms, duty guard rooms, satellite receiving rooms, etc.
19、分摊的公用建筑面积包括:大堂、公共大厅、走廊、过道、共厕、电梯前厅、楼梯间、电梯井、电梯机房、垃圾道、管道井、消防控制室、消防通道、水泵房、水箱间、冷冻机房、配电室、煤气调压室、空调房、电梯工休息室、值班警卫室、卫星接收机房等;
20. Unrecorded shared area: warehouses, garages, driveways, heating boiler rooms, civil defense basements, property management offices, self-operated and self-used houses of the selling unit, guard rooms serving multiple buildings.
20、不记入的公摊面积:仓库、车库、车道、供暖锅炉房、人防地下室、物管用房、售房单位自营、自用房屋、多幢房屋服务的警卫室;
21. Utilization rate = Gross floor area of the unit ÷ Total floor area of the residence;
21、实用率=套内建筑面积÷住宅建筑面积;
22. Utilization rate = usable area / residential area. Generally, for high-rise buildings, it ranges from 72% to 75%, while for apartment buildings, it is between 78% and 80%;
22、使用率=使用面积÷住宅面积,一般高层塔楼在72%至75%之间,板楼在78%至80%之间;
it is less than the utilization rate.
小于实用率;
23. Basement:
23、地下室:
It means that the height of the room floor below the outdoor ground level exceeds half of the room's net height.
指房间地面低于室外地平面的高度超过该房间净高的1／2;
24. Partial Basement:
24、半地下室:
It means that the height of the room floor below the outdoor ground level exceeds one third of the room's net height, but does not exceed one half.
指房间地面低于室外地平面的高度超过该房间净高的1／3,且不超过1／2;
25. Balcony:
25、阳台:
A space for residents to carry out outdoor activities / dry clothes, etc.
供居住者进行室外活动/晾晒衣物等的空间;
26. Platform:
26、平台:
The upper roof surface or the part extending outdoors from the ground floor of the residence, which is used for outdoor activities by the occupants;
供居住者进行室外活动的上屋面或由住宅底层地面伸出室外的部分;
27. Standard Floor:
27、标准层:
Refers to the residential floors with the same floor plan;
指平面布置相同的住宅楼层;
28. Middle Layer:
28、中间层:
The floor between the ground floor and the top residential entrance floor.
底层和最高住户入口层之间的中间楼层.
III. Real Estate Industry Terminology:
三、房地产行业术语:
(1) Indoor Facilities:
（一）室内设施:
Four types of energy: heating, gas, water heater, air conditioner.
1、 四气:暖气、煤气、热水器、空调;
2. Complete set: Household appliances (TV, refrigerator, washing machine) and furniture (bed, wardrobe, sofa, TV stand, full-size cabinet);
2、 全齐:家电(电视、冰箱、洗衣机)和家具(床、衣柜、沙发、电视柜、整体橱柜);
(2) Classification of Renovation:
(二)装修分类:
1. Mao Pi: Cement floor, cement wall;
1、 毛 坯:水泥地、水泥墙;
2. Interior decoration: Ceramic tiles, white walls;
2、 简 装 修:地砖、白墙;
3. Decoration: Ceramic tiles, wooden floors;
3、 中 装 修:大地砖、木地板;
4. Decoration: Wooden flooring, door and window casings;
4、 精 装 修:木地板、包门、包窗;
5. Luxurious decoration: The interior is modern and the materials are of high quality.
5、 豪华装修:装修前卫、用料讲究;
(3) Floor Plan and Area:
(三)户型及面积:
1. One-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 30 - 50 square meters;
1、 一居室:公房面积:30-50平米;
Commercial housing area: 40 - 60 square meters;
商品房面积:40-60平米;
2. Two-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 50 - 70 square meters;
2、 二居室:公房面积:50-70平米;
Commercial housing area: 70 - 100 square meters;
商品房面积:70-100平米;
3. Three-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 60 - 90 square meters;
3、 三居室:公房面积:60-90平米;
Commercial housing area: 110 - 150 square meters;
商品房面积:110-150平米;
4. Multi-level: A house design where the floor levels jump from one to another, such as 1st floor to 2nd floor, 3rd floor to 4th floor, etc.
4、 越层:房屋使用层跳跃的房型,如一越二,三越四等;
5. Staircase-type layout: A floor-plan design where the floors in the house are unevenly distributed.
5、 错层:房屋内地面错落的房型;
(4) Floor and Orientation:
(四) 楼层及朝向:
1. Floor description: The multi-story building has 6 floors, and the floor where the house is located is the 3rd floor, which is abbreviated as 3/6.
1、 楼层描述,多层楼房为6层,房屋所在层3层,简写3/6;
Pros and Cons:
优劣:
In buildings, there is a saying about the optimal floor numbers: "Gold for the third floor, silver for the fourth floor", meaning the third floor is the best and the fourth floor is the second best.
楼房中多层楼有“金三银四”的说法,即六层楼三层最佳,四层次之;
The prices of the higher floors in high-rise buildings are also higher, except for the top floors in second-hand houses.
高层楼中楼层较高的价位也较高,但二手房中顶楼除外;
2. Orientation (based on the direction corresponding to the main bedroom window): The orientation of multi-story buildings is mostly north-south or east-west.
2、 朝向(以主卧室窗户所对应的方向为准)多层楼朝向多为南北正向或东西侧向;
The orientation of high-rise buildings is similar to that of multi-story buildings.
高层板楼与多层楼的朝向相似;
The high-rise towers are mostly square-shaped, and their orientations are mostly southeast, southwest, northeast, northwest, and various oblique directions.
高层塔楼多为四角,其朝向多为东南、西南、东北、西北及各种斜向;
IV. Characteristics of Real Estate:
四、房地产特性:
(1) Immobility;
(一) 不可移动性;
(2) Uniqueness;
(二) 独一无二性;
(3) Longevity and durability;
(三) 寿命长久性;
(4) Limited Quantity;
(四) 数量有限性;
(5) Diversity of Uses;
(五) 用途多样性;
(6) Mutual Influence;
(六) 相互影响性;
(7) Subject to significant influence from policies and the market;
(七) 受政策\市场影响大;
(8) High value;
(八) 标的高;
(9) Slow cash flow;
(九) 变现慢;
(10) Preservation and Appreciation of Value;
(十)保值增值性;
V. House Classification and Detailed Explanation:
五、房屋分类及详解:
(1) Classified by the number of floors in the residence:
(一) 按住宅层数划分:
1. Lower floors: The number of floors is 1 to 3.
1、 低层:层数为1-3层;
2. Multi-layer: The number of layers is 4 to 6.
2、 多层:层数为4-6层;
3. Middle and Upper Floors: The building has 7 to 9 floors.
3、 中高层:层数为7-9层;
4. High-rise: Above 10 floors;
4、 高层:10层以上;
(2) Classified by usage nature:
(二) 按使用性质划分:
1. Productive buildings;
1、 生产性建筑;
factories, workshops, etc.
厂房、车间等；
2. Non-productive buildings
2、 非生产性建筑;
Residential buildings: such as houses, etc.
居住建筑:如住宅等;
Public buildings: such as offices, cultural and sports facilities, transportation facilities, etc.
公共建筑:如办公、文体、交通等;
(III) Classification by Structural Type:
(三) 按结构类型划分:
1. Brick-concrete structure: In this type of building, the vertical load-bearing components are made of brick walls or brick columns, while the horizontal load-bearing components are composed of reinforced concrete floor slabs and roof slabs.
1、 砖混结构:这类建筑物的竖向承重构件采用砖墙或砖柱，水平承重构件采用钢筋混凝土楼板、屋顶板。
This structure has small rooms and a low number of floors, and is generally used in multi-story buildings.
这种结构房间小、层数低，一般用于多层建筑中；
2. Frame Structure: This type of structure's load-bearing components are formed by beams, slabs and columns made of reinforced concrete or steel, and can be used for high-rise buildings.
2、 框架结构:这种结构的承重部分是由钢筋混凝土或钢材制作的梁、板、柱形成的骨架，可用于小高层建筑;
3. Reinforced concrete shear wall structure;
3、 钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构;
The vertical load-bearing components and horizontal load-bearing components of this type of building are all made of reinforced concrete, and it is commonly used in high-rise buildings.
这类建筑物的竖向承重构件和水平承重构件均采用钢筋混凝土制作，多用于高层建筑
4. Spatial structure: Includes: grid structure, truss structure, shell structure, etc.
4、 空间结构:包括:县索结构、网架结构、壳体结构等。
Examples include stadiums and grand theaters.
如体育馆、大剧院等；
(4) Classified by building materials:
(四) 按建筑材料划分:
1. Brick-concrete: Red bricks and cement;
1、 砖混:红砖与水泥;
The main load-bearing components are constructed using bricks and concrete.
承重的主要构件是用砖和混凝土建造的;
2. Steel and concrete: Cast, the most sturdy;
2、 钢混:浇注、最为结实;
The main load-bearing components are constructed with steel and reinforced concrete.
承重的主要构件是用钢、钢筋混凝土建造的;
3. Prefabricated slabs: Prefabricated concrete slabs and reinforcing bars;
3、 预制板:预制的混凝土板与钢筋;
The main load-bearing components are constructed with reinforced concrete.
承重的主要构件是用钢筋混凝土建造的.
This includes buildings with thin-shell structures, large formwork cast-in-place structures, and reinforced concrete structures constructed using sliding forms or lift-up slabs.
包括薄壳结构、大模板现浇结构及使用滑模、升板等建造的钢筋混凝土结构的建筑物;
(5) Classified by the appearance of the building type:
(五) 按楼型外观划分:
1. Office building:
1、 板楼:
It refers to a type of residential building composed of multiple residential units, each of which has stairs or both stairs and elevators;
是指由多个住宅单元组合而成,每单元均设有楼梯或楼梯、电梯皆有的住宅;
each unit has its own separate stairs and elevators.
每个单元用自己单独的楼梯、电梯;
The basic forms of high-rise buildings: Multi-storey: below 6 floors;
板楼基本形式:多 层:６层以下;
Mid-rise: within 7-12 floors;
小高层:7-12层以内;
High-rise: 13-18 floors;
高层:13-18层;
Super high-rise: above 18 floors and even higher.
超高层:18层以上甚至更高;
2. Tower:
2、 塔楼:
It mainly refers to high-rise residential buildings where multiple housing units are arranged around a common staircase or elevator.
主要是指以共用楼梯、电梯为核心布置多套住房的高层住宅.
In simple terms, the tower is centered around the elevator and staircase, and after reaching the floor, one can directly enter the apartment by walking in any direction.
通俗地说,塔楼以电梯、楼梯为布局核心,上到楼层之后,向四面走可以直接进入户内;
The basic forms of the towers: butterfly type, pyramid type, Z-shaped type, tower plate combination, cross type, square tower.
塔楼基本形式:蝶型、品字型、Z字型、塔板结合、十字型、方形塔楼;
Addendum: Apartment buildings: The bathrooms and kitchens are shared collectively.
补充：筒子楼:卫生间、厨房都集体公用；
Office building: for office use;
写字楼:办公使用;
(6) Classified by house layout:
(六) 按房屋户型划分:
1. One-bedroom apartment;
1、 一居室;
One-bedroom room
一卧室;
2. Two-bedroom apartment;
2、 二居室;
Two bedrooms
二卧室;
3. Three-bedroom apartment;
3、 三居室;
Three bedrooms
三卧室;
4. Multiple bedrooms;
4、 多居室;
Multiple rooms
多卧室;
5. Misalignment: This refers to a situation where a house is not on the same level, meaning that the living room, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, and balcony within the house are located on several different levels of elevation.
5、 错 层:主要指的是一套房子不处于同一平面，即房内的厅、卧、卫、厨、阳台处于几个高度不同的平面上。
6. Split-level: A split-level house consists of two floors, with an internal staircase connecting the upper and lower levels.
6、 跃 层:跃层住宅是一套住宅占两个楼层,有内部楼梯联系上下层;
Usually, the living room, kitchen, dining room, and bathroom are located on the first floor, and at least one bedroom is also provided.
一般在首层安排起居室、厨房、餐厅、卫生间,最好有一间卧室,二层安排卧室、书房和卫生间等。
On the second floor, there are bedrooms, study rooms, and bathrooms, etc.
7. Duplex: In terms of concept, a duplex residence is considered as one floor, but it has a higher floor height than a regular house. Partially, a mezzanine can be excavated to accommodate bedrooms or study areas, and these areas are connected by stairs.
7、 复 式:复式住宅在概念上是一层，但层高较普通的住宅高，可在局部掏出夹层，安排卧室或书房等内容，用楼梯联系上下。
The purpose is to increase the utilization rate of the residential space.
其目的是提高住宅空间利用率。
(7) Classified by property rights nature:
(七) 按产权性质划分:
1. Commercial housing: Refers to the houses constructed by various real estate development companies for profit purposes and operated in accordance with market rules.
1、 商品房：指各房地产开发公司投资兴建的，以赢利为目的，按市场规律经营的房子；
Classification:
分类：
(1) Ordinary residence:
(1) 普通住宅:
Floor area ratio of 1.0 (inclusive) or above;
容积率1.0(含1.0)以上;
The building area is less than 140 square meters.
建筑面积在140平方米以下;
The transaction price is less than 1.2 times the average transaction price of similar-level land-based housing.
成交价低于同级别土地住房平均交易价格1.2倍以下;
(2) Non-residential properties:
(2) 非普通住宅:
Building A;
甲宅;
24-hour elevators, security services, and the property management fee is relatively high.
24小时电梯、保安，物业费较高；
Apartment;
公寓;
Commercial housing, 24-hour elevators, security guards, 24-hour hot water supply from pipelines;
商品房、24小时电梯、保安、24小时管道热水；
Villa: (Single-family, row house, duplex, terraced house) Generally located in more remote areas.
别墅:(独栋、联排、双拼、叠拼)一般较为偏远;
(3) Sales qualifications for commercial housing: The sale of commercial housing requires the possession of the following five certificates: The "State-owned Land Use Certificate", "Construction Land Planning Permit", "Construction Engineering Planning Permit", "Construction Engineering Construction Permit", and "Commercial Housing Pre-sale Permit".
(3) 商品房销售资质:商品房销售须具备以下五证：《国有土地使用证》、《建设用地规划可证》、《建设工程规划许可证》、《建筑工程施工许可证》、《商品房预销售许可证》；
2. Purchased Public Housing:
2、 已购公房:
Ordinary Public Housing: Refers to the public housing originally owned by the unit but purchased by the unit's employees at cost price, standard price or discounted price in accordance with the relevant housing sale policies of the state.
普通公房: 指按照国家房改有关售房政策,单位职工按成本价、标准价或优惠价购买的原产权属于单位的公有住房.
These are the housing projects built by the unit and the housing constructed through collective fundraising and cooperative construction that were purchased by the employees at cost price or standard price in accordance with national policies.
职工根据国家政策,按成本价或标准价购买的由单位建设的安居工程和集资合作建设的住房;
State-owned housing: Refers to the public housing that was purchased by employees of units in accordance with the relevant housing reform policies of the state. These were originally owned by central government units in Beijing, large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, and the administrative organs of various ministries and commissions of the State Council.
央产房: 指按照国家房改有关售房政策,单位职工按成本价、标准价或优惠价购买的原产权属于中央在京单位,国有大中型企业及国务院各部委机关的公有住房.
Employees follow the national policies.
职工根据国家政策
I. Concepts Related to Real Estate
一、房地产相关概念
(1) Definition of Real Estate: Real estate is also known as immovable property. It refers to land, buildings, and the parts that are firmly attached to the land and buildings and cannot be separated.
(一) 房地产概念:房地产又称不动产,是指土地、建筑物及固着在土地、建筑物上不可分离的部分.
Among these, the parts that cannot be separated, such as trees and plumbing equipment, are included.
其中不可分离的部分,如树木、水暖设备等.
Real estate has three forms of existence:
房地产有三种存在形式:
1. Pure land;
1、 单纯的土地;
2. Simple buildings;
2、 单纯的建筑物;
3. Properties combining land and buildings;
3、 土地与建筑物结合的房产;
(2) Classification of the real estate market: Based on the characteristics of the development, sales and consumption processes of real estate, the real estate market can be divided into:
(二) 房地产市场的分类:根据房地产开发,销售与消费过程特点,可以将房地产市场分为:
1. Primary market (land market)
1、 一级市场(土地市场);
2. Secondary market (market for newly built real estate)
2、 二级市场(房地产增量房市场);
3. The secondary market (the real estate resale market)
3、 三级市场(房地产存量房市场);
(III) Land and Land Ownership:
(三) 土地及土地所有权:
1. The concept of land: Generally refers to the ground, the space below the ground and within a certain range above the ground.
1、 土地的概念:一般是指地面、地面以下和地面以上一定范围的空间.
In real life, land is artificially divided and represents a specific area with a defined size.
现实生活中的土地是人为划分的,具有特定面积范围的地域.
2. Public ownership of land: According to the constitution, land ownership is divided into ownership by the entire people (state-owned land) and collective land ownership. Collective land can only be transferred after it is converted into state-owned land, and individuals and units only have the right to use the land.
2、 土地公有制:根据宪法规定,土地所有权分全民所有(国有土地)与集体土地所有权,集体转为国有才能转让,个人和单位只拥有土地的使用权;
3. During the validity period, the land use rights can be leased, transferred or mortgaged.
3、 土地使用权在期限内可以出租、转让、抵押.
(4) Methods for obtaining land use rights:
(四) 土地使用权获取方式:
1. Transfer of Land Use Rights:
1、 土地使用权出让:
It refers to the act where the state grants the right to use state-owned land to the land user for a certain period of time, and the land user pays the land use right transfer fee to the state.
指国家将国有土地使用权在一定年限内出让给土地使用者,由土地使用者向国家支付土地使用权出让金的行为;
The transfer of land use rights can be carried out through three methods: bidding, auction, and negotiation between the parties.
土地使用权出让采用招标、拍卖、双方协议三种方式;
For the six types of land (commercial, entertainment, tourism, finance, service industry, and commercial housing), the methods of bidding and auction are adopted;
六类用地(商业、娱乐、旅游、金融、服务业、商品房)采用招标、拍卖的方式;
for old city renovation, the method of negotiation between the parties is used.
旧城改造采用双方协议的方式；
The term of land use rights for state-owned land: 40 years for commercial, tourism and entertainment land;
国有土地使用权出让年限：商业、旅游、娱乐用地40年;
50 years for industrial land, science and education land, culture and sports land, health and sports land, comprehensive or other land;
工业用地、科教、文体、卫生、体育用地、综合或其他用地50年;
70 years for housing land;
住房用地70年;
The term of land use rights for real estate has a direct impact on its value.
房地产的使用权年限对价值有直接影响.
2. Allocation of Land Use Rights:
2、 土地使用权划拨:
It refers to the act where the people's government at or above the county level, in accordance with the law, approves the transfer of the land to the land user after the land user has paid the compensation and resettlement fees, or delivers the land use right to the land user free of charge for use.
指县级以上人民政府依法批准,在土地使用者缴纳补偿、安置等费用后将该幅土地交付其使用,或者将土地使用权无偿交付给土地使用者使用的行为;
If the land use right is obtained through allocation, except as otherwise stipulated by laws and administrative regulations, there is no limit on the duration of use.
以划拨方式取得土地使用权的,除法律、行政法规另有规定外,没有使用期限的限制;
The following land use rights for construction sites are, in fact, indispensable and can be legally approved for allocation by the governments at or above the county level: land for national institutions and military purposes;
下列建设用地的土地使用权,确属必须的,可由县级以上人民政府依法批准划拨: 国家机关用地和军事用地;
Urban infrastructure land and public welfare land;
城市基础设施用地和公益事业用地;
Land for key projects supported by the state, such as energy, transportation, and water conservancy;
国家重点扶持的能源、交通、水利等项目用地;
Other land as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations;
法律、行政法规规定的其他用地;
(5) Architectural Concept
(五) 建筑概念
1. Architecture: The general term for buildings and structures;
1、 建筑:建筑物和构筑物的总称;
2. Narrowly-defined buildings: Refers to various types of houses, structures such as trees, elevators, plumbing equipment, etc.
2、 狭义建筑物:指各类房屋,构筑物如树木、电梯、水暖设备等;
3. Standards for qualified buildings: Practical, economical, and aesthetically pleasing;
3、 合格建筑物的标准:适用、经济、美观;
Applicable features: Safe, waterproof, soundproof, heat insulation and cold insulation, light transmission, fully functional, reasonable space layout.
适用:安全、防水、隔声、保温隔热、采光、功能齐全、空间格局合理;
Economy: Reasonable purchase price, low maintenance costs, low energy consumption for heating and air conditioning.
经济:购置价格合理、维修保养、采暖、空调能耗不高;
Aesthetics: Architectural design, color appeal, harmony with the environment;
美观:建筑造型、色彩美感、与环境协调;
(6) Property Concept
(六) 物业概念
1. Property: In a broad sense, property refers to real estate. In a narrow sense, property includes various types of buildings and their attached equipment, facilities, and related sites.
1、 物业:广义的物业就是房地产,狭义的物业,包括各类房屋及其附属的设备、设施和相关场地;
Various types of buildings: They can be building complexes, such as residential communities, or a single residence;
各类房屋:可以是建筑群,如住宅小区,也可以是一幢住宅;
附属 equipment, facilities and related sites: Refers to various indoor and outdoor facilities, municipal public facilities, road traffic, etc. that are compatible with the aforementioned buildings
附属的设备、设施和相关场地:是指与上述建筑物相配套的室内外各类设施、市政公用设施、道路交通等;
II. House Construction Basics
二、房屋建筑常识
1. Floor Area Ratio:
1、 容积率:
The ratio of the total building area to the total land area is a technical and economic indicator that reflects the degree of land utilization, the intensity of use, and the economic efficiency.
总建筑面积与总用地面积的比值, 反映土地利用程度、使用强度及其经济性的技术经济指标;
Floor area ratio = Total building area ÷ Land area;
容积率=建筑总面积÷用地面积;
Generally speaking: Ordinary residences ≥ 1.0;
一般来讲:普通住宅≥1.0;
Non-ordinary residences < 1.0;
非普通住宅＜1.0;
2. Building Density:
2、 建筑密度:
The proportion of the total area of all building plots within the project site to the total site area.
项目用地范围内各种建筑用地面积总和占总用地面积的比例.
It can also be calculated as the total area of building footprints ÷ total site area, reflecting the vacant land ratio within the building area and the density of buildings.
也可以建筑物基底总面积÷总用地面积,反映建筑用地范围内的空地率和建筑物的密集程度;
3. Greening Rate:
3、 绿化率:
It refers to the ratio of the total area of green space within the project planning land to the total planned construction land area.
指项目规划用地范围内绿化用地总面积占规划建设用地面积的比例;
4. Green Space Ratio:
4、 绿地率:
It describes the ratio of the total area of all green spaces within the residential area to the area of the residential area itself.
描述的是居住区用地范围内各类绿地的总和与居住区用地的比率;
5. Floor Height:
5、 层高:
The height of a residence is measured in "floors", which refers to the distance between the floor surface or floor slab of the lower level and the upper floor level.
住宅高度以“层”为单位计算,是指下层地板面或楼板面到上层楼层面之间的距离.
6. Net height:
6、 净高:
It refers to the distance between the lower floor surface or the upper floor slab surface and the lower surface of the upper floor slab.
指下层地板面或楼板上表面到上层楼板下表面之间的距离.
Net height = Floor height - Floor thickness;
净高=层高-楼板厚度;
7. Depth:
7、 进深:
Refers to the length of a residence, which is the actual length between the front wall and the back wall of an independent house or a residential building. To ensure that residences have good natural lighting and ventilation conditions, currently in many urban residential buildings in China, the depth of the rooms is generally limited to around 5 meters and cannot be arbitrarily expanded.
指住宅的长度,指一间独立的房屋或一幢居住建筑从前墙皮到后墙皮之间的实际长度,为了保证住宅具有良好的自然采光和通风条件,目前我国大量城镇住宅房间的进深一般都限定在5米左右,不能任意扩大.
If the depth of a residence is too large, the interior space far from the doors and windows will have insufficient natural light.
住宅进深过大,就是住宅成为狭长型,距离门窗较远的室内空间自然光线不足,但进深大的住宅可以有效的节约用地;
However, residences with a large depth can effectively save land.
8. Width:
8、 开间:
Refers to the width of a residence, which is the actual distance between one wall surface and another within a single room of a house. The opening width in residential design has strict regulations;
指住宅的宽度,指一间房屋内一面墙皮之间到另一面墙皮之间的实际距离,住宅的开间在住宅设计上有严格的规定;
a smaller opening width can shorten the inter-floor span of the floor slab, enhancing the overall integrity, stability and seismic resistance of the residential structure.
较小的开间范围,可缩短楼板的层间跨度,增强住宅结构的整体性、稳定性和抗震性;
9. Building Area:
9、 建筑面积:
It refers to the horizontal area enclosed by the outer walls of a building.
指建筑物外墙外围所围成空间的水平面积.
It includes the usable living area of the house, the area occupied by walls and columns, the area of stairways and corridors, and other shared areas.
包含了房屋居住可用的实用面积、墙体柱体占地面积、楼梯走道面积、其它公摊面积等;
10. Common Area:
10、公摊面积:
It refers to the total area of the building's stairs, elevator shafts, exterior walls, public lobbies, corridors, equipment rooms, the first-floor lobby, and some other supporting facilities within the community.
指建筑物的楼梯、电梯井、外墙、公共门厅、走道、设备间、首层大堂及小区内其它一些配套设施的面积总和;
11. Usage Area:
11、使用面积:
It is the net usable area for residents' daily life after deducting the shared area and the area occupied by walls and columns from the total building area. It is commonly known as the floor area.
它是建筑面积扣除公摊面积、及墙体柱体所占用的面积后的直接供住户生活的净使用面积,俗称地砖面积;
12. Floor Area:
12、占地面积:
The area occupied by the building foundation and its functions is also known as the red line area.
建筑物基底及其功能需要占用的面积,也叫红线面积;
13. The net building area = Net usable area + Net wall area + Balcony area (Terrace area is calculated as half the area).
13、套内建筑面积=套内使用面积+套内墙体面积+阳台建筑面积(露台面积按半面积计算);
14. Building area = Net building area + Shared area;
14、建筑面积=套内建筑面积+公摊面积;
15. Sales area = Net building area + Shared public building area;
15、销售面积=套内建筑面积+公摊的公用建筑面积;
Commercial housing is sold by "unit" or "block".
商品房按“套”或“单元”出售;
16. Common area floor area = Total building area - Internal area of each unit - Unallocated area that should not be shared;
16、公用建筑面积=整幢建筑面积-套内建筑面积和-不应分摊的建筑面积;
17. The shared public building area = the net building area of the unit × the shared building area allocation coefficient;
17、公摊的公用建筑面积=套内建筑面积×公用建筑面积分摊系数;
18. Common area allocation coefficient: Common area area ÷ Sum of interior area of each unit;
18、公用建筑面积分摊系数:公用建筑面积÷套内建筑面积之和;
19. The shared common area floor space includes: lobby, public hall, corridors, passageways, communal toilets, elevator lobby, stairwells, elevator shafts, elevator machine rooms, garbage chutes, pipe shafts, fire control rooms, fire escape routes, pump rooms, water tank rooms, refrigeration machine rooms, power distribution rooms, gas pressure regulating rooms, air conditioning rooms, elevator maintenance rooms, duty guard rooms, satellite receiving rooms, etc.
19、分摊的公用建筑面积包括:大堂、公共大厅、走廊、过道、共厕、电梯前厅、楼梯间、电梯井、电梯机房、垃圾道、管道井、消防控制室、消防通道、水泵房、水箱间、冷冻机房、配电室、煤气调压室、空调房、电梯工休息室、值班警卫室、卫星接收机房等;
20. Unrecorded shared area: warehouses, garages, driveways, heating boiler rooms, civil defense basements, property management offices, self-operated and self-used houses of the selling unit, guard rooms serving multiple buildings.
20、不记入的公摊面积:仓库、车库、车道、供暖锅炉房、人防地下室、物管用房、售房单位自营、自用房屋、多幢房屋服务的警卫室;
21. Utilization rate = Gross floor area of the unit ÷ Total floor area of the residence;
21、实用率=套内建筑面积÷住宅建筑面积;
22. Utilization rate = usable area / residential area. Generally, for high-rise buildings, it ranges from 72% to 75%, while for apartment buildings, it is between 78% and 80%;
22、使用率=使用面积÷住宅面积,一般高层塔楼在72%至75%之间,板楼在78%至80%之间;
it is less than the utilization rate.
小于实用率;
23. Basement:
23、地下室:
It means that the height of the room floor below the outdoor ground level exceeds half of the room's net height.
指房间地面低于室外地平面的高度超过该房间净高的1／2;
24. Partial Basement:
24、半地下室:
It means that the height of the room floor below the outdoor ground level exceeds one third of the room's net height, but does not exceed one half.
指房间地面低于室外地平面的高度超过该房间净高的1／3,且不超过1／2;
25. Balcony:
25、阳台:
A space for residents to carry out outdoor activities / dry clothes, etc.
供居住者进行室外活动/晾晒衣物等的空间;
26. Platform:
26、平台:
The upper roof surface or the part extending outdoors from the ground floor of the residence, which is used for outdoor activities by the occupants;
供居住者进行室外活动的上屋面或由住宅底层地面伸出室外的部分;
27. Standard Floor:
27、标准层:
Refers to the residential floors with the same floor plan;
指平面布置相同的住宅楼层;
28. Middle Layer:
28、中间层:
The floor between the ground floor and the top residential entrance floor.
底层和最高住户入口层之间的中间楼层.
III. Real Estate Industry Terminology:
三、房地产行业术语:
(1) Indoor Facilities:
（一）室内设施:
Four types of energy: heating, gas, water heater, air conditioner.
1、 四气:暖气、煤气、热水器、空调;
2. Complete set: Household appliances (TV, refrigerator, washing machine) and furniture (bed, wardrobe, sofa, TV stand, full-size cabinet);
2、 全齐:家电(电视、冰箱、洗衣机)和家具(床、衣柜、沙发、电视柜、整体橱柜);
(2) Classification of Renovation:
(二)装修分类:
1. Mao Pi: Cement floor, cement wall;
1、 毛 坯:水泥地、水泥墙;
2. Interior decoration: Ceramic tiles, white walls;
2、 简 装 修:地砖、白墙;
3. Decoration: Ceramic tiles, wooden floors;
3、 中 装 修:大地砖、木地板;
4. Decoration: Wooden flooring, door and window casings;
4、 精 装 修:木地板、包门、包窗;
5. Luxurious decoration: The interior is modern and the materials are of high quality.
5、 豪华装修:装修前卫、用料讲究;
(3) Floor Plan and Area:
(三)户型及面积:
1. One-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 30 - 50 square meters;
1、 一居室:公房面积:30-50平米;
Commercial housing area: 40 - 60 square meters;
商品房面积:40-60平米;
2. Two-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 50 - 70 square meters;
2、 二居室:公房面积:50-70平米;
Commercial housing area: 70 - 100 square meters;
商品房面积:70-100平米;
3. Three-bedroom apartment: Public housing area: 60 - 90 square meters;
3、 三居室:公房面积:60-90平米;
Commercial housing area: 110 - 150 square meters;
商品房面积:110-150平米;
4. Multi-level: A house design where the floor levels jump from one to another, such as 1st floor to 2nd floor, 3rd floor to 4th floor, etc.
4、 越层:房屋使用层跳跃的房型,如一越二,三越四等;
5. Staircase-type layout: A floor-plan design where the floors in the house are unevenly distributed.
5、 错层:房屋内地面错落的房型;
(4) Floor and Orientation:
(四) 楼层及朝向:
1. Floor description: The multi-story building has 6 floors, and the floor where the house is located is the 3rd floor, which is abbreviated as 3/6.
1、 楼层描述,多层楼房为6层,房屋所在层3层,简写3/6;
Pros and Cons:
优劣:
In buildings, there is a saying about the optimal floor numbers: "Gold for the third floor, silver for the fourth floor", meaning the third floor is the best and the fourth floor is the second best.
楼房中多层楼有“金三银四”的说法,即六层楼三层最佳,四层次之;
The prices of the higher floors in high-rise buildings are also higher, except for the top floors in second-hand houses.
高层楼中楼层较高的价位也较高,但二手房中顶楼除外;
2. Orientation (based on the direction corresponding to the main bedroom window): The orientation of multi-story buildings is mostly north-south or east-west.
2、 朝向(以主卧室窗户所对应的方向为准)多层楼朝向多为南北正向或东西侧向;
The orientation of high-rise buildings is similar to that of multi-story buildings.
高层板楼与多层楼的朝向相似;
The high-rise towers are mostly square-shaped, and their orientations are mostly southeast, southwest, northeast, northwest, and various oblique directions.
高层塔楼多为四角,其朝向多为东南、西南、东北、西北及各种斜向;
IV. Characteristics of Real Estate:
四、房地产特性:
(1) Immobility;
(一) 不可移动性;
(2) Uniqueness;
(二) 独一无二性;
(3) Longevity and durability;
(三) 寿命长久性;
(4) Limited Quantity;
(四) 数量有限性;
(5) Diversity of Uses;
(五) 用途多样性;
(6) Mutual Influence;
(六) 相互影响性;
(7) Subject to significant influence from policies and the market;
(七) 受政策\市场影响大;
(8) High value;
(八) 标的高;
(9) Slow cash flow;
(九) 变现慢;
(10) Preservation and Appreciation of Value;
(十)保值增值性;
V. House Classification and Detailed Explanation:
五、房屋分类及详解:
(1) Classified by the number of floors in the residence:
(一) 按住宅层数划分:
1. Lower floors: The number of floors is 1 to 3.
1、 低层:层数为1-3层;
2. Multi-layer: The number of layers is 4 to 6.
2、 多层:层数为4-6层;
3. Middle and Upper Floors: The building has 7 to 9 floors.
3、 中高层:层数为7-9层;
4. High-rise: Above 10 floors;
4、 高层:10层以上;
(2) Classified by usage nature:
(二) 按使用性质划分:
1. Productive buildings;
1、 生产性建筑;
factories, workshops, etc.
厂房、车间等；
2. Non-productive buildings
2、 非生产性建筑;
Residential buildings: such as houses, etc.
居住建筑:如住宅等;
Public buildings: such as offices, cultural and sports facilities, transportation facilities, etc.
公共建筑:如办公、文体、交通等;
(III) Classification by Structural Type:
(三) 按结构类型划分:
1. Brick-concrete structure: In this type of building, the vertical load-bearing components are made of brick walls or brick columns, while the horizontal load-bearing components are composed of reinforced concrete floor slabs and roof slabs.
1、 砖混结构:这类建筑物的竖向承重构件采用砖墙或砖柱，水平承重构件采用钢筋混凝土楼板、屋顶板。
This structure has small rooms and a low number of floors, and is generally used in multi-story buildings.
这种结构房间小、层数低，一般用于多层建筑中；
2. Frame Structure: This type of structure's load-bearing components are formed by beams, slabs and columns made of reinforced concrete or steel, and can be used for high-rise buildings.
2、 框架结构:这种结构的承重部分是由钢筋混凝土或钢材制作的梁、板、柱形成的骨架，可用于小高层建筑;
3. Reinforced concrete shear wall structure;
3、 钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构;
The vertical load-bearing components and horizontal load-bearing components of this type of building are all made of reinforced concrete, and it is commonly used in high-rise buildings.
这类建筑物的竖向承重构件和水平承重构件均采用钢筋混凝土制作，多用于高层建筑
4. Spatial structure: Includes: grid structure, truss structure, shell structure, etc.
4、 空间结构:包括:县索结构、网架结构、壳体结构等。
Examples include stadiums and grand theaters.
如体育馆、大剧院等；
(4) Classified by building materials:
(四) 按建筑材料划分:
1. Brick-concrete: Red bricks and cement;
1、 砖混:红砖与水泥;
The main load-bearing components are constructed using bricks and concrete.
承重的主要构件是用砖和混凝土建造的;
2. Steel and concrete: Cast, the most sturdy;
2、 钢混:浇注、最为结实;
The main load-bearing components are constructed with steel and reinforced concrete.
承重的主要构件是用钢、钢筋混凝土建造的;
3. Prefabricated slabs: Prefabricated concrete slabs and reinforcing bars;
3、 预制板:预制的混凝土板与钢筋;
The main load-bearing components are constructed with reinforced concrete.
承重的主要构件是用钢筋混凝土建造的.
This includes buildings with thin-shell structures, large formwork cast-in-place structures, and reinforced concrete structures constructed using sliding forms or lift-up slabs.
包括薄壳结构、大模板现浇结构及使用滑模、升板等建造的钢筋混凝土结构的建筑物;
(5) Classified by the appearance of the building type:
(五) 按楼型外观划分:
1. Office building:
1、 板楼:
It refers to a type of residential building composed of multiple residential units, each of which has stairs or both stairs and elevators;
是指由多个住宅单元组合而成,每单元均设有楼梯或楼梯、电梯皆有的住宅;
each unit has its own separate stairs and elevators.
每个单元用自己单独的楼梯、电梯;
The basic forms of high-rise buildings: Multi-storey: below 6 floors;
板楼基本形式:多 层:６层以下;
Mid-rise: within 7-12 floors;
小高层:7-12层以内;
High-rise: 13-18 floors;
高层:13-18层;
Super high-rise: above 18 floors and even higher.
超高层:18层以上甚至更高;
2. Tower:
2、 塔楼:
It mainly refers to high-rise residential buildings where multiple housing units are arranged around a common staircase or elevator.
主要是指以共用楼梯、电梯为核心布置多套住房的高层住宅.
In simple terms, the tower is centered around the elevator and staircase, and after reaching the floor, one can directly enter the apartment by walking in any direction.
通俗地说,塔楼以电梯、楼梯为布局核心,上到楼层之后,向四面走可以直接进入户内;
The basic forms of the towers: butterfly type, pyramid type, Z-shaped type, tower plate combination, cross type, square tower.
塔楼基本形式:蝶型、品字型、Z字型、塔板结合、十字型、方形塔楼;
Addendum: Apartment buildings: The bathrooms and kitchens are shared collectively.
补充：筒子楼:卫生间、厨房都集体公用；
Office building: for office use;
写字楼:办公使用;
(6) Classified by house layout:
(六) 按房屋户型划分:
1. One-bedroom apartment;
1、 一居室;
One-bedroom room
一卧室;
2. Two-bedroom apartment;
2、 二居室;
Two bedrooms
二卧室;
3. Three-bedroom apartment;
3、 三居室;
Three bedrooms
三卧室;
4. Multiple bedrooms;
4、 多居室;
Multiple rooms
多卧室;
5. Misalignment: This refers to a situation where a house is not on the same level, meaning that the living room, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, and balcony within the house are located on several different levels of elevation.
5、 错 层:主要指的是一套房子不处于同一平面，即房内的厅、卧、卫、厨、阳台处于几个高度不同的平面上。
6. Split-level: A split-level house consists of two floors, with an internal staircase connecting the upper and lower levels.
6、 跃 层:跃层住宅是一套住宅占两个楼层,有内部楼梯联系上下层;
Usually, the living room, kitchen, dining room, and bathroom are located on the first floor, and at least one bedroom is also provided.
一般在首层安排起居室、厨房、餐厅、卫生间,最好有一间卧室,二层安排卧室、书房和卫生间等。
On the second floor, there are bedrooms, study rooms, and bathrooms, etc.
7. Duplex: In terms of concept, a duplex residence is considered as one floor, but it has a higher floor height than a regular house. Partially, a mezzanine can be excavated to accommodate bedrooms or study areas, and these areas are connected by stairs.
7、 复 式:复式住宅在概念上是一层，但层高较普通的住宅高，可在局部掏出夹层，安排卧室或书房等内容，用楼梯联系上下。
The purpose is to increase the utilization rate of the residential space.
其目的是提高住宅空间利用率。
(7) Classified by property rights nature:
(七) 按产权性质划分:
1. Commercial housing: Refers to the houses constructed by various real estate development companies for profit purposes and operated in accordance with market rules.
1、 商品房：指各房地产开发公司投资兴建的，以赢利为目的，按市场规律经营的房子；
Classification:
分类：
(1) Ordinary residence:
(1) 普通住宅:
Floor area ratio of 1.0 (inclusive) or above;
容积率1.0(含1.0)以上;
The building area is less than 140 square meters.
建筑面积在140平方米以下;
The transaction price is less than 1.2 times the average transaction price of similar-level land-based housing.
成交价低于同级别土地住房平均交易价格1.2倍以下;
(2) Non-residential properties:
(2) 非普通住宅:
Building A;
甲宅;
24-hour elevators, security services, and the property management fee is relatively high.
24小时电梯、保安，物业费较高；
Apartment;
公寓;
Commercial housing, 24-hour elevators, security guards, 24-hour hot water supply from pipelines;
商品房、24小时电梯、保安、24小时管道热水；
Villa: (Single-family, row house, duplex, terraced house) Generally located in more remote areas.
别墅:(独栋、联排、双拼、叠拼)一般较为偏远;
(3) Sales qualifications for commercial housing: The sale of commercial housing requires the possession of the following five certificates: The "State-owned Land Use Certificate", "Construction Land Planning Permit", "Construction Engineering Planning Permit", "Construction Engineering Construction Permit", and "Commercial Housing Pre-sale Permit".
(3) 商品房销售资质:商品房销售须具备以下五证：《国有土地使用证》、《建设用地规划可证》、《建设工程规划许可证》、《建筑工程施工许可证》、《商品房预销售许可证》；
2. Purchased Public Housing:
2、 已购公房:
Ordinary Public Housing: Refers to the public housing originally owned by the unit but purchased by the unit's employees at cost price, standard price or discounted price in accordance with the relevant housing sale policies of the state.
普通公房: 指按照国家房改有关售房政策,单位职工按成本价、标准价或优惠价购买的原产权属于单位的公有住房.
These are the housing projects built by the unit and the housing constructed through collective fundraising and cooperative construction that were purchased by the employees at cost price or standard price in accordance with national policies.
职工根据国家政策,按成本价或标准价购买的由单位建设的安居工程和集资合作建设的住房;
State-owned housing: Refers to the public housing that was purchased by employees of units in accordance with the relevant housing reform policies of the state. These were originally owned by central government units in Beijing, large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, and the administrative organs of various ministries and commissions of the State Council.
央产房: 指按照国家房改有关售房政策,单位职工按成本价、标准价或优惠价购买的原产权属于中央在京单位,国有大中型企业及国务院各部委机关的公有住房.
Employees follow the national policies.
职工根据国家政策
声明：本文由入驻焦点开放平台的作者撰写，除焦点官方账号外，观点仅代表作者本人，不代表焦点立场。
